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Section 1 General Rules
Insulation of electrical installations. Determining the degree of pollution
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)
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1.9.28. In areas that do not fall within the zone of influence of industrial sources of pollution (forests, tundra, forest-tundra, meadows), insulation with a lower specific effective creepage distance than normalized in Table 1.9.1 can be used. 1 for 3st CXNUMX.
1.9.29. Areas with 1st C3 include areas that do not fall within the zone of influence of sources of industrial and natural pollution (swamps, high-mountain areas, areas with slightly saline soils, agricultural areas).
1.9.30. In industrial areas, if there are justifying data, insulation with a greater specific effective creepage distance than normalized in Table. 1.9.1 for 4th C3.
1.9.31. The degree of pollution near industrial enterprises should be determined from Table. 1.9.3 - 1.9.12 depending on the type and estimated volume of manufactured products and the distance to the source of pollution.
The estimated volume of products manufactured by an industrial enterprise is determined by summing up all types of products. C3 in the blow-off zone of an existing or under construction enterprise should be determined by the largest annual production volume, taking into account the long-term plan for the development of the enterprise (no more than 10 years ahead).
1.9.32. The degree of pollution near TPPs and industrial boilers should be determined according to Table. 1.9.13 depending on the type of fuel, power plant and the height of the chimneys.
1.9.33. When counting distances according to the table. 1.9.3 - 1.9.13 the boundary of the source of pollution is a curve that envelops all places of emissions into the atmosphere at a given enterprise (TPP).
1.9.34. In case of excess of the volume of output and capacity of TPP, in comparison with those indicated in Table. 1.9.3 - 1.9.13, increase C3 by at least one step.
1.9.35. The volume of output in the presence of several sources of pollution (workshops) at one enterprise should be determined by summing up the volumes of production of individual shops. If the source of pollutant emissions of individual industries (workshops) is more than 1000 m away from other sources of emissions of the enterprise, the annual production volume should be determined separately for these industries and the rest of the enterprise. In this case, the calculated C3 shall be determined according to 1.9.43.
1.9.36. If one industrial enterprise produces products of several industries (or sub-sectors) of the industry indicated in Table. 1.9.3 - 1.9.12, then C3 should be determined according to 1.9.43.
1.9.37. The boundaries of the zone with this C3 should be adjusted taking into account the wind rose according to the formula
where S is the distance from the boundary of the pollution source to the boundary of the area with a given C3, adjusted for the wind rose, m;
S0 - normalized distance from the boundary of the source of pollution to the boundary of the area with a given C3 with a circular wind rose, m;
W - average annual frequency of winds of the considered rhumb, %;
W0 - frequency of winds of one rhumb with a circular wind rose, %.
S/S0 values should be limited to 0,5 ≤ S/S0 ≤ 2.
1.9.38. The degree of pollution near the dumps of dusty materials, storage buildings and structures, sewage treatment facilities should be determined according to Table. 1.9.14.
1.9.39. The degree of pollution near roads with intensive use of chemical de-icing agents in winter should be determined from Table. 1.9.15.
1.9.40. The degree of pollution in the coastal zone of the seas, salt lakes and water bodies should be determined according to Table. 1.9.16 depending on the salinity of the water and the distance to the coastline. Estimated salinity of water is determined from hydrological maps as the maximum value of salinity of the surface layer of water in the zone up to 10 km deep into the water area. The degree of pollution above the surface of saline water bodies should be taken one step higher than in Table. 1.9.16 for the zone up to 0,1 km.
1.9.41. In areas subject to winds with a speed of more than 30 m/s from the sea (at least once every 10 years), the distances from the coastline given in Table. 1.9.16 should be increased by 3 times.
For reservoirs with an area of 1000-10000 m2 C3 is allowed to be reduced by one step compared with the data in Table. 1.9.16.
1.9.42. The degree of contamination in the vicinity of cooling towers or spray ponds should be determined from table. 1.9.17 when the specific conductivity of the circulating water is less than 1000 μS / cm and according to table. 1.9.18 with specific conductivity from 1000 to 3000 µS/cm.
1.9.43. The calculated C3 in the zone of pollution from two independent sources, determined taking into account the wind rose according to 1.9.37, should be determined from Table. 1.9.19 regardless of the type of industrial or natural pollution.
Table 1.9.3. C3 near chemical plants and industries
| Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 2000 |
from 2000 to 2500 |
from 2500 to 3000 |
from 3000 to 5000 |
from 5000 |
| Until 10 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 10 500 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 1500 up |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1500 2500 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 2500 3500 up |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 3500 5000 up |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.4. C3 near refineries and petrochemical plants and industries
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 2000 |
from 2000 to 3500 |
from 3500 |
| Refineries |
Until 1000 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1000 5000 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 5000 9000 up |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 9000 18000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Petrochemical plants and combines |
Until 5000 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 5000 10000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 10000 15000 up |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| From 15000 20000 up |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| Synthetic rubber plants |
Until 50 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 50 150 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 150 500 up |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 1000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Rubber products factories |
Until 100 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 100 300 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.5. C3 near gas production and petroleum gas processing
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 |
| Gas production |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| Petroleum gas processing |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.6. C3 near pulp and paper mills
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 |
| Production of pulp and semi-pulp |
Until 75 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 75 150 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 150 500 up |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 1000 up |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| Paper production |
Regardless of volume |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.7. C3 near enterprises and ferrous metallurgy
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 2000 |
from 2000 to 2500 |
from 2500 |
| Iron and steel smelting |
Until 1500 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1500 7500 up |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 7500 12000 up |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| Mining and processing plants |
Until 2000 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 2000 5500 up |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 5500 10000 up |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 10000 13000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Coke production |
Until 5000 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
| From 5000 12000 up |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
| Ferroalloys |
Until 500 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 700 up |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 700 1000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Manufacture of magnesia products |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| Rolling and processing of cast iron and steel |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.8. C3 near enterprises and production of non-ferrous metallurgy
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 2000 |
from 2000 to 2500 |
from 2500 to 3500 |
from 3500 |
| Aluminum production |
Until 100 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 100 500 up |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 1000 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1000 2000 up |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| Nickel production |
From 1 5 up |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 5 25 up |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 25 1000 up |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Production of rare metals |
Regardless of volume |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
| Zinc production |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Production and processing of non-ferrous metals |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.9. C3 near building materials factories
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output, thousand tons/year |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 250 |
from 250 to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 2000 |
from 2000 to 3000 |
from 3000 |
| Cement production |
Until 100 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 100 500 up |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 1500 up |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1500 2500 up |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 2500 3500 up |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| От 3500 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| Asbestos production, etc. |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Production of concrete products, etc. |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.10. C3 near machine-building enterprises and industries
| Estimated output |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 500 |
from 500 |
| Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.11. C3 near light industry
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 250 |
from 250 to 500 |
from 500 |
| Fabric processing |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| Manufacture of artificial leather and film materials |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
Table 1.9.12. C3 near ores and non-metallic minerals
| Sub-sector |
Estimated output |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 250 |
from 250 to 500 |
from 500 |
| Iron ore, etc. |
Regardless of volume |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| Coal* |
Regardless of volume |
3 |
2 |
1 |
* Extends to the definition of C3 near waste heaps.
Table 1.9.13. C3 near thermal power plants and industrial boilers
| Type of fuel |
Power, MW |
Height of chimneys, m |
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 250 |
from 250 to 500 |
from 500 to 1000 |
from 1000 to 1500 |
from 1500 to 3000 |
from 3000 |
| Thermal power plants and boiler houses on coal with an ash content of less than 30%, fuel oil, gas |
Regardless of power |
Any |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Thermal power plants and boiler houses on coal with an ash content of more than 30%. |
Until 1000 |
Any |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| From 1000 4000 up |
Until 180 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| От 180 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Thermal power plants and boiler houses on shale |
Until 500 |
Any |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
| From 500 2000 up |
Until 180 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
| От 180 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.14. C3 near dumps of dusty materials, storage buildings and structures, sewage treatment facilities (ash dumps, salt dumps, slag dumps, large industrial dumps, waste incineration plants, warehouses and elevators of dusty materials, warehouses for storing mineral fertilizers and pesticides, hydro mines and processing plants, aeration stations and other sewage treatment facilities)
|
C3 at distance from pollution source, m |
| to 200 |
from 200 to 600 |
from 600 |
| 3 |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.15. C3 near roads with intensive use of chemical de-icing agents in winter
|
C3 at distance from roads, m |
| to 25 |
from 25 to 100 |
from 100 |
| 3 |
2 |
1 |
Table 1.9.16. C3 in the coastal zone of seas and lakes with an area of more than 10000 m2
| Type of reservoir |
Estimated water salinity, g/l |
Distance from coastline, km |
C3 |
| unsalted |
Until 2 |
Until 0,1 |
1 |
| Slightly salted |
From 2 10 up |
Until 0,1 |
2 |
| From 0,1 1,0 up |
1 |
| Medium saline |
From 10 20 up |
Until 0,1 |
3 |
| From 0,1 1,0 up |
2 |
| From 1,0 5,0 up |
1 |
| highly saline |
From 20 40 up |
Until 1,0 |
3 |
| From 1,0 5,0 up |
2 |
| From 5,0 10,0 up |
1 |
Table 1.9.17. C3 near cooling towers and spray ponds with circulation water conductivity less than 1000 µS/cm
| C3 district |
Distance from cooling towers (spray pool), m |
| to 150 |
from 150 |
| 1 |
2 |
1 |
| 2 |
3 |
2 |
| 3 |
4 |
3 |
| 4 |
4 |
4 |
Table 1.9.18. C3 near cooling towers and spray ponds with circulating water conductivity between 1000 and 3000 µS/cm
| C3 district |
Distance from cooling towers (spray pool), m |
| to 150 |
from 150 to 600 |
from 600 |
| 1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| 2 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
| 3 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
| 4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
Table 1.9.19. Estimated C3 when pollutants from two independent sources are superimposed
| C3 from first source |
Estimated C3 at the degree of pollution from the second source |
| 2 |
3 |
4 |
| 2 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
| 3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
| 4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
 See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).
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