Instruction on labor protection for a mechanical assembly worker

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Instruction on labor protection for a mechanical assembly worker

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard provision on training on labor protection issues.

1.3. According to this instruction, a mechanical assembly fitter (hereinafter referred to as a fitter) is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 6 months (repeated briefing).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues". After passing the briefing, the log must contain the signatures of the instructor and the locksmith.

1.4. The owner must insure the locksmith against accidents and occupational diseases.

In case of damage to the health of a locksmith due to the fault of the owner, the employee has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.5. For non-compliance with this instruction, the locksmith bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have a certificate for the right to work, have passed a medical examination, introductory instruction in labor protection, instruction in the workplace and instruction in fire safety are allowed to work as a mechanic.

1.7. The locksmith must:

1.7.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.7.2. Be attentive to the signals of moving traffic.

1.7.3. Walk on sidewalks, paths, crossings specially designed for this, keeping to the right side.

1.7.4. Do not touch electrical equipment, terminals and electrical wires, general lighting fittings, do not open electrical cabinet doors.

1.7.5. Do not turn on or stop (except in emergency cases) machines, machines and mechanisms, work on which is not entrusted to him by the administration.

1.7.6. Do not walk or stand under a lifted load

1.7.7. Perform only the work that is entrusted to the head and in which he is instructed.

1.7.8. Do not allow strangers to your workplace.

1.7.9. Do not clutter up your workspace.

1.7.10. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.7.11. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.7.12. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.7.13. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.

1.8. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the locksmith:

1.8.1. Moving machines, mechanisms, unprotected moving parts of production equipment, moving products, blanks, materials.

1.8.2. Cluttering of workplaces with tools, fixtures, materials, parts.

1.8.3. Lack of special equipment, tools and equipment to perform work in accordance with the accepted technology.

1.8.4. Unprotected conductive parts of electrical equipment (electrical installations).

1.8.5. Insufficient illumination of the working area.

1.8.6. Harmful components in the composition of the materials used that act on the worker through the skin, respiratory tract, gastric system and mucous membranes of the organs of vision and respiration.

1.8.7. Falling of hanging pieces of equipment.

1.8.8. Malfunction of tools, equipment, fixtures.

1.8.9. Falling parts, assemblies, assemblies, tools.

1.8.10. Falling from height.

1.8.11. Thermal factors (ignition when washing parts, assemblies, assemblies).

1.8.12. Fragments of metal flying off when cutting metal.

1.8.13. The presence of harmful substances in the air of the working area.

1.8.14. Decreased air temperature during the cold season.

1.9. According to the current standards, a locksmith is issued free of charge overalls: a cotton suit, combined mittens; when working outdoors in winter, in addition - a jacket and trousers made of cotton with a warm lining.

1.10. Hand tools (hammers, chisels, punches, etc.) must not have:

1.10.1. On the working surfaces of damage (potholes, chips).

1.10.2. On the side faces, in places where they are clamped by hand, there are burrs and sharp ribs.

1.10.3. On the wooden surfaces of the handles, knots, burrs, cracks. The surface must be smooth.

1.10.4. Hardening and re-hardened working surfaces.

1.11. Hammers and sledgehammers should be securely mounted on wooden handles and tightly wedged with soft steel wedges.

1.12. The handles of hammers and sledgehammers must be made of hard and tough dry wood and mounted at right angles to the surface of the striker. The manufacture of handles from soft and thick wood species is prohibited.

1.13. The handle should be straight, oval in cross-section with a slight thickening towards its free end.

The length of the handles of metalwork hammers should be in the range of 300-400 mm, depending on the weight.

1.14. All tools that have pointed ends for fitting handles (files, screwdrivers, chisels, etc.) must have handles corresponding to the size of the tool, with bandage rings.

1.15. The chisels must be at least 150 mm long, and the released part of the chisel must be 60-70 mm. The cutting part of the chisel should have a straight or slightly convex line.

1.16. The locksmith's vice must be in perfect working order, securely hold the clamped product and have an unfinished notch on the jaws.

1.17. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads and be free of cracks and gouges. The planes of the jaws of the keys must be parallel and must not be worked.

Adjustable wrenches must not be loosened in moving parts.

1.18. The screwdriver blade must be as thick as the slot in the screw head.

1.19. Countersinks, drills and therefore a similar plug-in tool must be properly sharpened and free of cracks, chips, burrs and other defects.

1.20. The shanks of this tool must be free from roughness, bevels, cracks and other damage, must be firmly fitted and correctly centered.

1.21. The working trigger mechanism on manual pneumatic machines (tools) must be:

1.21.1. Arranged so as to exclude the possibility of accidental activation.

1.21.2. Designed so that when pressure is removed from the operator's hand, the pneumatic inlet valve closes automatically.

1.22. The connection of hoses to the pneumatic tool, the inlet fitting of the distributing pipeline and the connection of the hoses to each other must be reliable and carried out only with the help of fittings or nipples with good threads (ring coils) and clamping collars.

1.23. Manual electric machines (tools) are subject to periodic inspection at least once every 6 months.

1.24. The design of a hand-held power tool weighing more than 5 kg must be provided with a device for hanging and transferring it.

1.25. To power local stationary lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps, voltage should be used: in rooms without increased security - no more than 220 V, and in rooms with increased danger and in especially dangerous ones - no more than 42 V.

1.26. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps with a voltage of 127-200 V may be used for local lighting, provided that their conductive parts are not accessible for accidental contact.

1.27. Lighting fixtures and switches must have electrical and waterproofing.

1.28. Luminaires should be covered with glass and protected with a protective grill, the metal case of the luminaire should be grounded.

1.29. To power portable lamps in rooms with increased danger and in especially dangerous ones, a voltage of no higher than 42 V is used.

1.30. In the presence of particularly unfavorable conditions, if the danger of electric shock is increased by tightness, inconvenience, contact with grounded surfaces (work in boilers, tanks, etc.), a voltage of no higher than 12 V is used to power portable lamps.

1.31. To carry the tool, use bags or special boxes. The sharp parts of the instrument must be protected by sheaths or wrapped.

1.32. When working with pneumatic and electric tools, hoisting machines, a mechanic must be trained in the rules for safe work with them, instructed and have an appropriate certificate.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Get an assignment from the work manager.

2.2. Tidy up overalls, fasten or tie up sleeves, tuck in clothes so that there are no hanging ends.

2.3. Carefully inspect the workplace, remove everything that interferes with work.

2.4. Make sure that the workplace is adequately lit, and the light will not dazzle the eyes.

2.5. Arrange the working tool and parts in a convenient and safe order for use.

2.6. Make sure that the working tools, devices, equipment and personal protective equipment are in good working order and comply with labor protection requirements.

2.7. When working with electric pneumatic tools and on machines, it is necessary to be instructed on safe work with them.

2.8. When working with pneumatic tools, check that the socket wrenches are securely fastened with pins and rings. They are not allowed to be fastened with cotter pins and wire.

2.9. The counterweight balancer must be fixed with a safety cable to the monorail bogie, hold the electric and pneumatic wrench suspended on it in the highest position and lower with a slight hand pressure.

2.10. Check the serviceability of the hydraulic bracket switches, the serviceability of the wires and hoses, the serviceability of the handle-brackets, the fastening of the brackets on the hanging fixtures, the reliability of the hinge pins.

2.11. Check the condition of the lifting equipment.

2.12. Check the serviceability of the conveyor trolley and clamping devices.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. It is necessary to perform work in accordance with the technological map for the performance of a particular work.

3.2. When working with a portable electric drill, wrench, grinder, follow the instructions for using the power tool.

3.3. When working with a pneumatic tool, you must:

3.3.1. Use only the correct tool. Adjust the valves so that they open easily, when the pressure on the control handle stops, they quickly close and do not let air in the closed position.

3.3.2. Connect the hoses to the tool and disconnect them from the tool after turning off the air supply. Blow out the hose carefully before connecting it to the tool.

3.3.3. Work only in protective glasses.

3.3.4. Use only abrasive wheels obtained from the tool store and specially designed for pneumatic machines.

3.4. It is forbidden:

3.4.1. Direct the jet of air at yourself or at people working nearby.

3.4.2. Work with a pneumatic machine in the absence of a protective cover over the abrasive wheel and the presence of ledges, potholes, cracks and knocking of the abrasive wheel.

3.4.3. Work with the side surface of the abrasive wheel.

3.4.4. Work with a pneumatic tool from attached stepladders.

3.5. Hand over the defective tool to the tool storeroom. You are not allowed to repair it yourself.

3.6. It is forbidden to blow metal shavings from the machine or parts with compressed air. To clean chips and dust, you must use a hair brush, while wearing safety glasses.

3.7. When working on a drilling machine, you must:

3.7.1. Tidy up your work clothes, put on a hat that fits your head tightly and tuck your hair under it.

3.7.2. Check the presence of a fence for the moving parts of the machine and the serviceability of the electric starting device.

3.7.3. Accurately install and securely fasten the drill.

3.7.4. Fasten the part with a machine or hand vice, clamps, stops, mounting brackets, bolts.

3.3. When working on a drilling machine, it is prohibited:

3.8.1. Work in gloves or with a bandage on the fingers.

3.8.2. Hold the part in your hands or drill when the fixed part is skewed.

3.8.3. Change the drill while the machine is running.

3.8.4. Measure a part, lubricate the machine on the go, slow it down by touching the belt, chuck, pulley or chuck with your hand.

3.8.5. Brake the rotation of the spindle by hand pressing on the parts of the machine or rotating parts, and also check the exit of the drill with your hand.

3.9. When working on a grinding machine, it is necessary to wear protective goggles, you should stand on the side of the abrasive wheel, the start of the machine must be blocked with a protective screen. The gap between the circle and the stop should be no more than 3 mm. Make sure that the stop is securely fixed, the abrasive wheel is protected by a protective cover. It is forbidden to correct the circle with a chisel.

3.10. When working with power tools, you must:

3.10.1. Use dielectric gloves and galoshes.

3.10.2. Monitor the integrity of the insulation and power tools, the reliability of fastening the ground wire and the plug with a ground contact.

3.10.3. Switch off the tool during work breaks. It is forbidden to turn on the power tool in the network without a special plug connection.

3.11. When working on a workbench, it is necessary to ensure that its surface, upholstered with sheet steel, is smooth and free from burrs.

3.12. Performing work jointly with several persons, coordinate their actions with the actions of colleagues.

3.13. On dismantling and assembly robots, use serviceable pullers, wrenches and wrenches. It is forbidden to unscrew the nuts with a chisel and a hammer.

Moisten nuts that are difficult to unscrew with kerosene, and then unscrew with a wrench.

3.14. The disassembly and assembly of the units should be carried out only on special stands equipped with fastening devices.

3.15. Checking the alignment of the holes when assembling assemblies must be carried out using a conical mandrel or a goatee. It is forbidden to perform these actions with your finger.

3.16. When working with a chisel or cross cutter, you should wear safety goggles and make sure that flying fragments and chips do not injure the locksmith working nearby and others.

To protect people, safety nets or shields at least 1 m high must be installed on the workbench.

Sweep away dust and shavings from the machine with a brush.

3.17. If electric welding is carried out near the workplace, install a shield (screen) to protect the eyes and face from ultraviolet rays or wear special safety glasses.

3.38. If work is carried out near electrical wires and electrical installations, it is necessary to turn off the power supply for the duration of the work.

3.19. Do not stand under hanging objects on the hoist cable.

3.20. When working with a hand saw, the blade must be properly tensioned so that it does not bend or vibrate during operation.

When cutting metal with a hacksaw, it is necessary to make a recess on it with a file so that the canvas does not slip off.

3.21. Drain the lubricating oil from the units only in a special container.

Oil accidentally spilled on the floor should be immediately covered with sawdust or dry sand and collected in a specially designated place, the floor should be wiped dry.

3.22. It is forbidden to store flammable liquids and cleaning oily material in the workplace.

3.23. When crimping units, testing them on pneumatic devices, remove and install products only when the rod is in the upper position. It is impossible to correct parts during the operation of the rod, as well as independently adjust the device.

3.24. When using overhead conveyors, be careful when removing parts and pushing empty hangers, and warn other workers about this.

It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of hooks, rings, chain links and the correct engagement of parts.

3.25. Parts must be placed in a special container or on racks.

If storage is carried out on the floor, then the parts must be stacked stably. The height of the stack should be no more than 1 m.

3.26. To avoid overshoot when working on hydraulic presses, the parts to be pressed should be installed strictly vertically, without distortions.

3.27. When pressing the bearings, hold the hydraulic clamps only by the handles.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Pick up a workplace. Wipe tools and accessories and put them in the place provided for them.

4.2. If the unit remains on special stands, check the security of its installation. Do not leave the machine hanging on the hoist cable.

4.3. Remove overalls, hang it in a place specially designed for this.

4.4. Wash hands and face with warm soapy water. Take a shower if possible.

4.5. Do not wash your hands with lubricating oil, gasoline, kerosene and wipe them with rags contaminated with wood shavings.

4.6. Notify the work manager of any shortcomings that occurred during work.

5. Safety requirements in an emergency

5.1. The reasons that can cause an emergency: electric shock, falling from a height of suspended units, failure of tools, equipment, fixtures, flying of metal fragments, the presence of harmful substances in the working area, and so on.

5.2. If a situation has arisen that can lead to an accident or an accident, you should immediately stop working, turn off the power, the power source of the pneumatic tool. Secure the danger zone and prevent unauthorized persons from entering it. Report what happened to the supervisor.

5.3. If there are casualties, provide them with first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.

5.4. Providing first aid.

5.4.1. Providing first aid in case of electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and an indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance.

5.4.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.4.4. First aid for burns with acids and alkalis.

If acid or alkali gets on the skin, the damaged areas must be thoroughly rinsed with water for 15-20 minutes, after which the acid-damaged surface should be washed with a 5% solution of baking soda, and the burned with alkali - with a 3% solution of boric acid or a solution of acetic acid .

In case of contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes of acid or alkali, it is necessary to rinse the eyes thoroughly with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, wash them with a 2% solution of baking soda, and burnt alkali with a 3% solution of boric acid or a 3% solution of acetic acid. acids.

In case of burns of the oral cavity with alkali, it is necessary to rinse with a 3% solution of acetic acid or a 3% solution of boric acid, for acid burns - with a 5% solution of baking soda.

If acid enters the respiratory tract, it is necessary to breathe with a 10% solution of baking soda sprayed with a spray bottle, if alkali enters, a sprayed 3% solution of acetic acid.

5.4.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

5.4.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

raise the injured limb up;
close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.5. If a fire occurs, start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

5.6. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

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