Instruction on labor protection for the driver of a single-bucket excavator

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Labor safety instructions for the operator of a single-bucket excavator. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Introduction

This industry standard instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing state labor protection requirements specified in the section “General Safety Requirements” of this document, and is intended for operators of single-bucket excavators (hereinafter referred to as operators) when performing work according to their profession and qualifications.

General safety requirements

1. Men at least 18 years of age who have undergone appropriate training and have professional skills to work as machinists, before being allowed to work independently, must undergo:

mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) for recognition as fit for work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, internships at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

2. Drivers are obliged to comply with labor safety requirements to ensure protection from the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of work:

collapsing rocks (soils);
falling objects (pieces of rock);
moving machines and their working bodies;
overturning of cars, falling of their parts.

3. To protect against mechanical influences, drivers are required to use the following free of charge provided by employers: cotton overalls, combined mittens, suits with insulating lining and felt boots for the winter period.

Drivers must wear safety helmets when on site.

4. Being on the territory of the construction (production) site, in production and amenity premises, work sites and workplaces, drivers are required to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as employees in a state of intoxication to these places is prohibited.

5. In the course of daily activities, drivers must:

use in the process of work means of small-scale mechanization, for their intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of manufacturers;
maintain order at workplaces, clean them of debris, snow, ice, prevent violations of the rules for storing materials and structures;
control the state of labor safety.

6. Drivers are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or superior manager of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, of every accident that occurs at work, or of a deterioration in their health, including the occurrence of an acute occupational disease (poisoning).

Safety requirements before starting work

7. Before starting work, the driver must:

a) present to the manager a certificate for the right to operate an excavator and undergo training at the workplace, taking into account the specifics of the work performed;

b) put on overalls, special footwear of the established sample;

c) receive a task to complete the work from the foreman or manager and, together with him, inspect the location of underground structures and communications, which should be marked with flags or poles.

8. After receiving the task, the driver must:

a) perform shift maintenance in accordance with the excavator operating instructions;

b) before starting the engine, remove all foreign objects on the machine platform and make sure that they are not on the rotating parts of the engine;

c) after starting the engine, test the operation of the mechanisms at idle;

d) before installing the excavator at the work site, make sure that the soil is leveled, the excavator is located outside the collapse prism, there is sufficient space for maneuvering, and the terrain slope does not exceed that allowed according to the excavator’s passport.

9. The driver must not start work in case of the following violations of safety requirements:

a) malfunction of mechanisms, as well as defects in metal structures, ropes of the hydraulic system of the excavator, in which, according to the requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions, its operation is prohibited;

b) non-compliance of the place of work of the excavator with safety requirements;

c) the presence of unauthorized people in the working area of the excavator.

Detected violations of safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the driver is obliged to report them to the person responsible for the technical condition of the excavator and the work manager.

Safety requirements during work

10. Before starting maneuvering while the excavator is operating, the driver must make sure that there are no people in the danger zone of the working excavator, determined by the length of the boom and the outstretched handle (the length of the boom and the suspension of the excavator bucket - dragline).

11. During operation, the excavator driver is prohibited from:

a) rotate the platform if the bucket is not removed from the ground;

b) plan the ground, clear the area with the lateral movement of the handle;

c) clean, lubricate, adjust, repair the excavator with the bucket raised;

d) carry out any work when there are people between the face and the excavator;

e) leave the workplace with the bucket raised.

12. Work with an excavator in the security zone of underground communications is allowed only with written permission from the owner of these communications and under the direct supervision of the work manager, and in the security zone of gas pipelines or cables under electrical voltage, in addition, under the supervision of gas or electrical workers.

Work in the security zone of an overhead power line is permitted with written permission from the owner of the power line, a permit specifying safe working conditions, and under the supervision of the work manager.

13. Work in areas with pathogenic soil contamination (landfills, cattle burial grounds, cemeteries) may be carried out with permission from the state sanitary inspection authorities.

14. When loosening the soil by explosive means, during the blasting work, the operator is obliged to remove the excavator from the blasting site at a distance specified by the work manager, but not less than 50 m.

15. When loosening the soil with impact devices (wedge hammer, ball hammer), the windshield of the excavator cab must be equipped with a protective mesh.

16. Soil removed from a pit or trench should be loaded into vehicles or placed outside the collapse prism. It is not allowed to develop soil using the "undermining" method. When excavating soil with an excavator with a straight shovel, the height of the face should be determined in such a way that “peaks” of soil do not form during the work.

17. Loading soil into dump trucks should be done from the rear side wall. The excavator bucket must not be moved above the driver's cab. Loading soil into a dump truck is allowed only if there is no driver or other people in the cab.

18. If it is necessary to clean the bucket, the excavator operator must lower it to the ground and turn off the engine.

19. When transporting an excavator from one site to another on a trailer or platform, the driver is not allowed to be in the excavator cabin.

When transporting an excavator under its own power or in tow, the driver must be in the excavator cabin and follow the traffic rules.

20. The excavator driver is prohibited from:

a) transfer control to persons who do not have the appropriate certificate;

b) leave the excavator with the engine running;

c) transport unauthorized persons in the excavator cabin. If it is necessary to leave the excavator cab, the driver must put the gear shift lever in the neutral position and brake the movement.

21. When servicing the excavator, the driver must stop the engine and relieve pressure in the hydraulic system.

22. While refueling the excavator, the driver and other persons located near the excavator are prohibited from smoking and using fire. Lighting a fire closer than 50 m from the place of work or parking of the excavator is not allowed.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

23. If power cables, pipelines, explosive or other unknown objects not specified by the manager are found in the face, the operation of the excavator should be immediately stopped until permission is received from the relevant supervisory authorities.

24. If the soil subsides or slides, the driver should stop working, drive away from this place to a safe distance and report the incident to the work manager.

Safety requirements at the end of work

25. At the end of the work, the driver must:

a) park the excavator;

b) lower the bucket to the ground;

c) turn off the engine;

d) lock the cab;

e) inform the work manager and the person in charge about the condition of the excavator and all malfunctions that arose during work.

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