What army accompanied the first Chinese emperor to the afterlife? Detailed answer

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What army accompanied the first Chinese emperor to the afterlife? Detailed answer

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What army accompanied the first Chinese emperor to the afterlife?

In 1974, 35 kilometers east of the city of Xian (the ancient capital of the Chinese Empire), one of the largest archaeological discoveries of the XNUMXth century took place.

Peasants digging a well discovered several statues made of baked clay. As it turned out later, these were figures from the clay army that accompanied the first Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC) to the afterlife. In order to rely on military strength even after death, the emperor ordered his warriors and horses to be sculpted; after the death of the emperor, all these sculptures were placed in the tomb with him.

Official excavations began in 1994, in total, about 8 thousand figures of infantrymen, archers and cavalrymen were discovered. The growth of clay sculptures is from 178 to 197 centimeters, and it is unlikely that it correctly reflects the true size of the ancient Chinese warriors: all officers are made taller than privates. The torsos and legs of the sculptures are made standard, while the arms and faces are individualized. Perhaps the faces were sculpted from real soldiers of the emperor. Warriors are located in battle formations. The archers of the vanguard stand on one knee, so that it is convenient for the second row to shoot above their heads.

By the location of the detachments, one can get a complete picture of the tactics and strategy of the Chinese army of that time. Also found were 50 bronze war chariots drawn by clay horses. Initially, the clay army was armed with real swords and spears, but four years after the death of the emperor, a peasant uprising broke out. The rebels dug up three large underground cavities, covered with ceilings made of pine logs and planks, and took away almost all of their weapons from the silent warriors.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How long are the days?

Depends on the circumstances.

A day is a period of time during which the Earth makes one rotation around its axis. And it's never exactly twenty-four hours.

Amazingly, this indicator can fluctuate in one direction or another for as much as fifty seconds! This is because the speed of the Earth's rotation changes all the time - due to friction caused by synoptic situations, tides, and geological events.

On an average year, a day is a fraction of a second shorter than twenty-four hours.

When these discrepancies were revealed with the help of atomic clocks, it was decided to redefine the second as a fixed fraction of a "solar" day, - more precisely, one million six hundred and forty thousandth.

The new second came into use in 1967 and is defined as "a time interval equal to 9 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium-192 atom in the absence of perturbation by external fields." You can’t say more precisely - it’s just too dreary to pronounce all this at the end of a long day.

The new definition of the second means that the solar day gradually shifts in relation to the atomic. As a result, scientists had to introduce the so-called "leap second" (or "jump second") into the atomic year in order to align the atomic year with the solar year.

The last "leap second" (already the seventh since the establishment of Coordinated Universal Time - UTC in 1972) was added on December 31, 2005 at the direction of the International Service for Estimating the Parameters of the Rotation and Coordinates of the Earth, based at the Paris Observatory.

Good news for astronomers and those of us who love clocks to keep pace with the Earth's movement around the Sun, but a headache for computer programs and all the hardware that runs on space satellites.

The idea of introducing a "leap second" met with a strong rebuff from the International Telecommunication Union, which even made a formal proposal to completely abolish it by December 2007.

Of course, a compromise is possible: wait until the difference between Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) reaches exactly one hour (somewhere in 400 years) and even then put everything in order. In the meantime, the debate around what counts as "real" time continues.

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