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Section 2. Electrical equipment and electrical installations for general purposes

Chapter 2.10. Battery installations

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

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2.10.1. This chapter applies to stationary installations of acid and alkaline batteries installed at the Consumer's premises.

2.10.2. Rechargeable batteries must be installed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the design of electrical installations, safety rules for the operation of electrical installations, these Rules and the manufacturers' instructions.

The assembly of batteries, installation of batteries and their activation must be carried out by specialized organizations in accordance with the technical specifications for battery installations and the instructions of the manufacturers.

2.10.3. When operating batteries, the required level of voltage on the DC buses must be ensured in normal and emergency modes.

To ensure reliable battery operation, the manufacturer's instructions must be followed.

2.10.4. Installation of acid and alkaline batteries in the same room is not allowed.

2.10.5. The walls and ceiling of the battery room, doors and window frames, metal structures, shelving and other parts must be painted with acid-resistant (alkali-resistant) and alcohol-free paint. Ventilation ducts and fume hoods must be painted on the outside and inside.

For windows it is necessary to use frosted or coated with white adhesive paint glass.

2.10.6. To illuminate battery rooms, incandescent lamps installed in explosion-proof fittings must be used. One luminaire must be connected to the emergency lighting network.

Switches, sockets, fuses and circuit breakers must be located outside the battery room. Lighting electrical wiring must be carried out with a wire in an acid-resistant (alkali-resistant) sheath.

2.10.7. To reduce the evaporation of the electrolyte of an open-type acid battery, cover glasses or transparent acid-resistant plastic should be used, resting on the protrusions (tides) of the plates. The dimensions of these glasses should be smaller than the internal dimensions of the tank. For batteries with tank dimensions greater than 400 ´ 200 mm, it is allowed to use cover glasses of two or more parts.

2.10.8. To prepare an acid electrolyte, you must use sulfuric acid and distilled water, the quality of which is certified by a factory certificate or a chemical analysis report carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

Preparation of acid electrolyte, storage and transportation of electrolyte and acid, bringing the battery into working condition must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer and the operating instructions for stationary lead-acid batteries.

2.10.9. The electrolyte level in acid batteries should be:

The density of the acid electrolyte, reduced to a temperature of 20 ° C, should be:

2.10.10. When assembled into a battery, alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using nickel-plated steel intercell jumpers.

Alkaline batteries must be connected in a series circuit using copper conductor jumpers.

The electrolyte level of sodium-lithium and potassium-lithium charged batteries should be 5 - 10 mm above the top edge of the plates.

2.10.11. To prepare an alkaline electrolyte, potassium hydroxides or sodium hydroxides, lithium hydroxides, and distilled water that meet existing standards should be used.

When preparing alkaline electrolyte and bringing the battery into working condition, the manufacturer's instructions must be followed.

2.10.12. Battery cells must be numbered. Large numbers are applied to the front vertical wall of the tank with acid-resistant (alkali-resistant) paint. The first number in the battery indicates the element to which the positive bus is connected.

2.10.13. When accepting a newly installed or overhauled battery, the following must be checked:

Batteries must be put into service after they reach 100% of their rated capacity.

2.10.14. Acid batteries operating in constant recharge mode must be operated without equalizing periodic recharges. To maintain all batteries in a fully charged state and to prevent sulfation of the electrodes, depending on the condition of the battery, but at least once a year, an equalizing charge (recharge) of the battery must be carried out until the steady-state value of the electrolyte density specified in clause 1 is achieved. , in all elements.

The duration of the equalizing charge depends on the technical condition of the battery and must be at least 6 hours.

At substations, battery performance should be checked by voltage drop during inrush currents.

Equalizing recharge of the entire battery or its individual elements should be carried out only as needed.

It is allowed to charge and discharge the battery with a current no higher than the maximum for this battery. The electrolyte temperature at the end of the charge should be no higher than 40 °C for SK type batteries and no higher than 35 °C for CH type batteries.

2.10.15. Control discharges of acid batteries should be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for stationary lead-acid batteries to determine the actual battery capacity as needed or once every 1 - 1 years.

The discharge current value must be the same each time. The measurement results of control discharges must be compared with the measurement results of previous discharges.

Acid batteries operating in constant recharge mode must be operated without training discharges. Discharge of individual batteries (or a group of them) can be carried out to perform repair work or when troubleshooting problems in them.

2.10.16. The power and voltage of the charger must be sufficient to charge the battery to 90% of its rated capacity within no more than 8 hours with a previous 30-minute discharge.

The recharger must ensure voltage stabilization on the battery buses with a deviation of ± 2%. Rectifier units used for charging and recharging batteries must be connected from the alternating current side through an isolation transformer.

Additional battery batteries that are not constantly used in operation must have a separate charging device.

The battery installation must be equipped with a voltmeter with a switch and ammeters in the charger, recharger and battery circuits.

2.10.17. The procedure for operating the ventilation system in the battery room, taking into account specific conditions, must be determined by local instructions.

The supply and exhaust ventilation of the battery room must be turned on before starting to charge the battery and turned off after the gases have been completely removed, but not earlier than 1,5 hours after the end of charging. The battery should be interlocked to prevent charging with a voltage of more than 2,3 V per cell when ventilation is turned off.

2.10.18. The voltage on the operational DC buses under normal operating conditions can be maintained 5% higher than the rated voltage of the pantographs.

2.10.19. All DC assemblies and rings must be powered from two sources.

2.10.20. The insulation resistance of the battery is measured once every 1 months; its value, depending on the rated voltage of the battery, should be as follows:

DC buses must be equipped with a device for constant insulation monitoring, acting on the signal when the insulation resistance of one of the poles decreases to a value of 3 kOhm in a 24 V network, 5 kOhm in a 48 V network, 6 kOhm in a 60 V network, 10 kOhm in a 110 V network V, 20 kOhm in a 220 V network.

Under operating conditions, the insulation resistance of the direct operating current network, measured periodically using an insulation monitoring device (or voltmeter), must be at least twice the minimum values ​​indicated above.

2.10.21. If there is a ground fault (or a decrease in insulation resistance before the control device is triggered) in the operational current network, measures should be taken immediately to eliminate it.

Carrying out work under voltage in the operational current network, if there is a ground fault in this network, is not allowed, with the exception of work to find the location of the fault.

2.10.22. Maintenance of battery installations should be entrusted to a specialist trained in the rules of operating batteries.

Each battery installation should have a battery log book to record the results of inspections and the amount of work performed.

2.10.23. Analysis of the electrolyte of a working acid battery should be carried out annually using samples taken from control cells. The number of control elements is determined by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the Consumer, depending on the condition of the battery, but not less than 10% of the number of elements in the battery. To be used as controls, different items must be assigned each year.

During the control discharge, electrolyte samples are taken at the end of the discharge.

To top up batteries, distilled water should be used, tested to be free of chlorine and iron.

2.10.24. The battery can have no more than 5% lagging cells. The voltage of the lagging elements at the end of the discharge should differ from the average voltage of the remaining elements by no more than 1,5%.

2.10.25. Inspection of batteries must be carried out according to a schedule approved by the person responsible for the Consumer’s electrical equipment, taking into account the following inspection frequency:

2.10.26. During the current inspection, the following is checked:

2.10.27. Personnel servicing the battery installation must be provided with:

2.10.28. Maintenance and repair of rectifier units and motor generators included in DC installations with a battery must be carried out in the manner established for this type of equipment.

2.10.29. To carry out a major battery repair (replacement of a large number of batteries, plates, separators, disassembling the entire battery or a significant part of it), it is advisable to invite specialized repair organizations.

The need for major battery repairs is determined by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the Consumer.

Major repairs of SK type batteries should, as a rule, be carried out no earlier than after 15 - 20 years of operation.

Overhaul of SN type batteries is not carried out. Batteries of this type should be replaced no earlier than after 10 years of operation.

See other articles Section Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE).

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