Battery voltage stabilizer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors
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When powering amateur radio equipment from a rechargeable battery, the problem is that its voltage decreases as it discharges, the output power of the transceiver decreases markedly, and when the supply voltage is less than 11 V, it stops working altogether. The German radio amateur Georg Tief (DK2GT) tried to solve this problem. He described his stabilizer, which ensured continuous operation of the transceiver for 10 hours in the field, in the July 2009 issue of CQ DL (Tief G. Dreifacher Step-Up-Wandler. Stabile Spannungen fur den FieldDay).
To maintain a stable supply voltage of the transceiver, he used a switching step-up voltage regulator, consisting of three identical blocks connected in parallel at the inputs and outputs. Each of them is designed for a load current of 10 A, and together they give 30 A, which is quite enough to power a 100 W transceiver. The impulse principle of stabilization ensured a high efficiency of the device, which is important for autonomous battery power.
Fig. 1
On fig. 1 shows a diagram of one of the three channels of the stabilizer. It consists of low cost available components included mostly 100W power. The impulse principle of stabilization ensured a high efficiency of the device, which is important for autonomous battery power.
Transistor VT1 and diode VD1 are equipped with heat sinks. It should be noted that even at full load, the transistor VT1 heats up slightly. The main heat source is the VD1 diode, it is he who needs a larger heat sink. With the help of a tuning resistor R9, the output voltage can be changed within 12 ... 16 V. The storage inductor L1 requires special attention, the reliability and efficiency of the device depend on its quality. If the material of the magnetic core is chosen incorrectly, its saturation with the most severe consequences is possible. The author used Amidon T106-26 toroidal magnetic circuits made of carbonyl iron, wound on them with 25 turns of insulated copper wire with a diameter of 1,5 mm.
These chokes and other elements are clearly visible in the photograph of the stabilizer board in the top view (Fig. 2). And the bottom view (Fig. 3) shows what the printed wiring of the block looks like. The printed conductors connecting the stabilizers to each other, through which a large current flows, are reinforced with stranded copper wires of a large cross section.
The difference in the output voltages of the channels leads to the fact that with a relatively small load current, only one channel actually works. As the load grows, the rest are connected, but the total current is distributed unevenly between them.
To minimize this effect, equalizing resistors are required - R11 and similar ones in other channels with a resistance of 0,05 ohms (two 0,1 ohm resistors can be connected in parallel). Before soldering them into the board, apply an input voltage to the assembled unit and set the output voltages of the channels equal to the specified voltage (usually 13,5 V) with a mutual difference of no more than 0,1 V using trimmer resistors.
After completing this operation, the equalizing resistors can be soldered into place and the stabilizer can be put into operation.
It must be taken into account that since the proposed regulator is a step-up regulator, it cannot maintain the output voltage stable if the input voltage is equal to or greater than its specified value. Under these conditions, the transistor VT1 remains permanently closed and the input voltage through the inductor L1, the diode VD1 and the resistor R11 is continuously supplied to the output.
The minimum input voltage is limited by the fact that in order to start the UC3843N microcircuit, it is necessary to apply a voltage of at least 8,5 V to it. And when it is subsequently reduced to 7,6 V, the microcircuit is turned off.
The rated voltage of oxide capacitors C1 and C5 is not indicated in the original article. It is recommended to use capacitor C5 for a voltage of at least 35 V, since with the values \u9b\u33bof the elements indicated in the diagram, the trimming resistor R9 can bring the output voltage to almost 10 V. To regulate this voltage within the limits indicated in the article, you should swap the values of resistors R4,7 and R10. The first of them should be XNUMX kOhm, and the second - XNUMX kOhm.
Publication: radioradar.net
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