AC voltage stabilizer, 135...270/197...242 volts 5 kilowatts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors

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The author managed to simplify the control unit and the power module of the AC voltage stabilizer, while maintaining technical characteristics acceptable for practical use.

After researching sources [1, 2] and a number of sites on the Internet, I simplified the AC voltage regulator described in article [1]. The number of microcircuits was reduced to four, the number of optosimistor keys - to six. The principle of operation of the stabilizer is the same as that of the prototype [1].

Main Specifications

• Input voltage, V .....135...270
• Output voltage, V. . . .197...242
• Maximum load power, kW ....... .5
• Load switching or disconnection time, ms ....... 10

Rice. 1 (click to enlarge)

The scheme of the proposed stabilizer is shown in the figure. The device consists of a power module and a control unit. The power module contains a powerful T2 autotransformer and six AC switches circled in the diagram with a dash-dotted line. The rest of the parts form the control unit. It contains seven threshold devices: I - DA2.1 R5 R11 R17, II - DA2.2 R6 R12 R18, III - DA2.3 R7 R13 R19, IV - DA2.4 R8 R14 R20, V - DA3 1 R9 R15 R21, VI - DA3.2 R10 R16 R22, VII - DA3.3 R23. At one of the outputs of the decoder DD2 there is a high level voltage, which causes the corresponding LED (one of HL1-HL8) to turn on.

Powerful autotransformer T2 included differently than in the prototype Mains voltage is applied to one of the taps of the winding or the entire winding through one of the triacs VS1-VS6, and the load is connected to the same tap. With this inclusion, less wire is spent on the winding of the autotransformer.

The voltage of the winding II of the transformer T1 rectifies the diodes VD1, VD2 and smoothes the capacitor C1. The rectified voltage is proportional to the input. It is used both to power the control unit and to measure the input mains voltage. For this purpose, it is fed to the divider R1-R3. From the trimmer engine, R2 is supplied to the non-inverting inputs of operational amplifiers DA2.1-DA2.4, DA3.1-DA3.3. These op-amps are used as voltage comparators. Resistors R17-R23 create the switching hysteresis of the comparators.

The table shows the limits of the output voltage change and the logic voltage levels at the outputs of the operational amplifiers and the inputs of the decoder DD2, as well as the on LEDs depending on the input voltage UBX without hysteresis.

Chip DA1 generates a stable voltage of 12 V to power the rest of the chips. The zener diode VD3 generates a reference voltage of 9 V. It is fed to the inverting input of the op amp DA3.3. It enters the inverting inputs of other op-amps through dividers on resistors R5-R16.

With a mains voltage below 135 V, the voltage on the engine of the resistor R2, and therefore on the non-inverting inputs of the op-amp, is less than on the inverting ones. Therefore, the outputs of all op-amps are low. All outputs of the DD1 chip are also low. In this case, a high level appears at output 0 (pin 3) of the decoder DD2. The HL1 LED is on, indicating too low mains voltage. All optotriacs and triacs are closed. No voltage is applied to the load.

When the mains voltage is from 135 to 155 V, the voltage at the engine of the resistor R2 is greater than at the inverting input of DA2.1, so its output is high. The output of the element DD1.1 is also high. In this case, a high level appears at output 1 (pin 14) of the decoder DD2 (see table). LED HL1 goes out. The HL2 LED turns on, current flows through the emitting diode of the optocoupler U6, as a result of which the optotriac of this optocoupler opens. Through an open triac VS6, the mains voltage is supplied to the lower tap according to the circuit (pin 6) relative to the beginning of the winding (pin 7) of the T2 autotransformer. The voltage at the load is greater than the mains voltage by 64 ... 71 V.

With a further increase in the mains voltage, it will switch to the next up output of the T2 autotransformer. In particular, the mains voltage from 205 to 235 V is directly supplied to the load through an open triac VS2, as well as to terminals 1-7 of the T2 autotransformer

When the mains voltage is from 235 to 270 V, the outputs of all op-amps, except for DA3.3, are high, the current flows through the HL7 LED and the radiating diode U1.2. The mains voltage through an open triac VS1 is connected to the entire winding of the autotransformer T2. The voltage at the load is less than the mains voltage by 24 V

With a mains voltage of more than 270 V, the outputs of all op-amps are high, and the current flows through the HL8 LED, which indicates an excessively high mains voltage. All optotriacs and triacs are closed. No voltage is applied to the load.

Low-power transformer T1 is similar to that used in the prototype, except that its secondary winding contains 1400 turns with a tap from the middle. Powerful autotransformer T2 - ready from industrial stabilizer VOTO 5000 W. Having unwound the secondary winding and part of the primary, I made new taps, counting from the beginning of the winding (pin 7): pin 6 from the 215th turn (150 V), pin 5 from the 236th turn (165 V), pin 4 from 257- th turn (180 V), pin 3 from the 286th turn (200 V), pin 2 from the 314th turn (220 V). The entire winding (pins 1-7) has 350 turns (245 V).

Fixed resistors - C2-23 and OM / IT, trimmer resistor R2 - C5-2VB. Capacitors C1 -C3 - K50-35, K50-20. Diodes 1 N4002 (VD1, VD2) can be replaced with 1 N4003-1 N4007, KD243B-KD243Zh.

Chip 7812 can be replaced by domestic counterparts KR1157EN12A, KR1157EN12B.

Adjustment is performed using LATR. First, the switching thresholds are set. To achieve higher installation accuracy, resistors R17-R23 that create hysteresis are not installed. Powerful autotransformer T2 is not connected. The device is connected to the network via LATR. A voltage of 270 V is set at the LATR output. Move the trimmer resistor R2 from bottom to top according to the circuit until the HL8 LED turns on. Next, a voltage of 135 V is set at the LATR output. Resistor R5 is selected so that the voltage at the inverting input (pin 2) of the op-amp DA2.1 is equal to the voltage at its non-inverting input (pin 3).

Then the resistors R6...R10 are sequentially selected, setting the switching thresholds of 155 V, 170 V, 185 V, 205 V, 235 V, comparing the logic levels with the table. After that, resistors R17-R23 are installed. If necessary, select their resistances, setting the required width of the hysteresis loop. The greater the resistance, the smaller the loop width. Having set the switching thresholds, a powerful autotransformer T2 is connected, and a load is connected to it, for example, an incandescent lamp with a power of 100 ... 200 W. Check the switching thresholds and measure the voltage at the load. After adjustment, the HL2-HL7 light diodes can be removed by replacing them with jumpers.

Literature

1. Godin A. Variable voltage stabilizer. - Radio, 2005, No. 8, p. 33-36.
2. Ozolin M. Improved control unit of the AC voltage stabilizer. - Radio, 2006, No. 7, p. 34, 35.

Author: G. Gadzhiev

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