A little about fast charging. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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Recently, a large number of different chargers (chargers) have appeared on sale. Many of them provide charging current. numerically equal to 1/10 of the battery capacity. Charging at the same time lasts 12 ... 18 hours, which obviously does not suit many. "Speed" chargers have been developed to meet market requirements.
For example, the charger "FOCUSRAY", model 85 (Fig. 1), is an automatic charger for accelerated charging, mounted in a housing with a mains plug and allowing you to simultaneously charge two batteries of the 6F22 type ("Nika") or four NiCd or NiMH batteries of standard sizes AAA or AA (316) current up to 1000 mA. On the case of the charger, opposite each battery slot, there is an LED in the cassette. indicating the operating mode of the memory. When there is no battery, it does not glow, when charging, it flashes, and when charging is complete, it shines constantly.
Naturally, the most complete battery operation occurs when the batteries are the same. In this case, the charge and discharge occur simultaneously, and their resource as a power source is fully used. In practice, such an ideal situation almost never occurs, and one has to either select batteries for the battery using devices, or "teach" the batteries to work together. For this you need:
- take the same type of batteries with the same capacity and, preferably, from the same batch;
- charge them and completely discharge them for a real load;
- repeat the charge-discharge as part of the battery several times, i.e. to "shape" it.
It is also possible to adjust the batteries to each other during individual charging. By installing the batteries in the holders of the battery compartment of the memory. plug it into the network. The indicator LEDs start blinking to indicate successful charging. Otherwise, you need to check the battery that stands against the idle LED. There may be several reasons for this:
- the battery is damaged and does not accept a charge;
- short circuit between its terminals;
- The voltage at the battery terminals has dropped below 1 V.
In the first two cases, it is necessary to replace the faulty battery, in the last one, connect the "guilty" battery to a conventional "long-playing" memory, for example, such as in Fig. 2, for 30 ... 60 minutes, and only then insert it into the "accelerated " charger by boost charging until all charger LEDs stop flashing. With identical batteries, this will happen at the same time. Due to the scatter of parameters and the amount of residual charge of individual batteries, first of all, those in which the charge was not completely used up by the time charging began, or those whose capacity is lower (the inscriptions on the battery cases do not always correspond to the true ones, and even in within one batch, the range of battery capacities is simply huge!). The charging rate is also affected by the presence of parasitic self-discharge current (leakage).
When the charger LEDs are constantly on, the corresponding batteries are disconnected from the charging circuits, their maximum voltage (approximately 1,4 V) begins to decrease, but the batteries will not automatically turn back on for charging. After waiting for the full charge of all four batteries (all LEDs are constantly on), remove the plug from the charger from the network and insert it again after 1 .... 2 s. The LEDs begin to pulse again until fully charged, and this is repeated several times. At the same time, the parameters of the batteries approach each other, which favorably affects the operation of the battery as a whole.
It is widely believed that overcharging batteries shortens their "life". In principle, this is true, but you always have to find a compromise between the magnitude of the charge current and its duration, reasonably sacrificing one in favor of the other.
Author: V.Besedin, Tyumen
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