Voltage change signaling device. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Voltage change signaling device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Protection of equipment from emergency operation of the network, uninterruptible power supplies

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Using various radio equipment, we often observe a sharp deterioration in its operation. But at these moments, we do not think about the true reason - a change in the mains voltage, which sometimes rises or falls by several tens of volts. This is especially true in the village.

I propose a simple circuit for a signaling device for exceeding the mains voltage (Fig. 1).

Voltage change signaling device

The basis of the device is a relaxation generator on the VS1 dinistor. The mains voltage is rectified by the diode VD1 and fed through the resistor R1 to the tuned resistor R2. From the engine of this resistor, part of the voltage is supplied to the capacitor C1, which is charged. If the mains voltage does not exceed the norm, the charging voltage of the capacitor is not enough to breakdown the dinistor, and it is closed. When the mains voltage increases, the voltage across the capacitor also increases, and the dinistor breaks through. Capacitor C1 is discharged through the dinistor and the headphone BF1 and the LED connected in series. A click is heard in the headphone and the LED flashes.

After that, the dinistor closes, and the capacitor starts charging again. The process is repeated until the voltage in the network is below the threshold.

In addition to the indicated one, another dinistor from the KN102 series with a lower breakdown voltage can be used in the signaling device, but the volume of clicks and the brightness of the flashes will decrease.

Capacitor type MBM, K73; resistors: R1 - MLT-0,5, R2 - SPO-0,5; the diode can be replaced with D7Zh, KD102B, KD105B-G; telephone TM-2, TK-47 or other low-resistance.

Perhaps readers will be interested in another signaling device (Fig. 2).

Voltage change signaling device

This signaling device monitors not only the increase in mains voltage, but also its decrease. When the mains voltage is less than the limit, the VS1 dynistor is closed. Through the resistors R1 and R2, the capacitor C1 is charged, and the red LED HL2 is continuously lit. At the same time, capacitor C5 will be charged through resistors R6, R2, but the voltage on it is not enough to open the dinistor VS2. When the mains voltage increases, then with each positive half-cycle, the dinistor VS1 will open, as a result of which the green LED HL1 shines. At the same time, the capacitor C1 through the VD2 diode, the VS1 dynistor and the HL1 LED will be discharged, the voltage across it will decrease and become insufficient to open the Zener diode VD3, and therefore, to ignite the HL2 LED.

If the mains voltage increases to the upper limit or exceeds it, the voltage across the capacitor C2 will increase so much that the VS1 dinistor will open periodically (2-2 times per second) and the HL2 LED will flash.

In other words, flashes of the red LED will be added to the constantly lit green LED. This signaling is more noticeable. The signaling device uses two multi-colored LEDs: HL1 -AL307V, AL307G; HL2 -AL307A, AL307B.

The tuned resistor R2 must be at least 1 W, and R6 - 0,25 W. The adjustment of this signaling device is reduced to setting the lower and upper limit deviations of the mains voltage with adjusted resistors R2 and R6. This can be done with an autotransformer and a voltmeter. If desired, an audible indication of overvoltage can also be entered into the signaling device. To do this, in series with the VS2 dinistor, a dynamic head with a power of 0,1-0,25 W or a headphone with a resistance of not more than 150 ohms is included. Then, as in the first signaling device, clicks will be heard simultaneously with the flashes of the HL2 LED.

Author: V.Konoval, Khmelnitsky region

See other articles Section Protection of equipment from emergency operation of the network, uninterruptible power supplies.

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