Car charger for mobile phone. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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In recent years, the possibilities of electronics have grown significantly. Several million people have started using mobile phones. This is a complex device. Here, the receiver, transmitter and control computer are contained in one housing. All this complex electronic filling can work for a short time. The energy of the built-in source does not last long. The internal battery needs to be recharged periodically. Forgetfulness in this matter can lead to unpleasant consequences. For example, being late for a meeting, stuck in a traffic jam. If only there was a car charger for a mobile phone. Modern element base allows you to create such a device of very small size and use it while traveling in a car.

The charger (Fig. 4.1) is designed to be installed in the car's cigarette lighter socket and allows you to recharge the internal batteries of your mobile phone both while driving and at a stop.

A charger (charger) for a mobile phone (Fig. 4.2) contains only one chip of the type KR1156EU5 (MC34063) and several parts. It is easy to make with your own hands.

As you know, the KR1156EU5 microcircuit is specially designed for pulse converters of a direct voltage of one value to a voltage of another value. However, it also allows you to assemble a charger, the basis of which is a current stabilizer.

The microcircuit includes an ION and a comparator (this is a comparing node), a clock generator (using an external time-setting capacitance, it determines the operating frequency), as well as a powerful electronic key (consists of two bipolar transistors connected according to the Darlington circuit).

The principle of operation of pulsed energy converters is that part of the time energy is accumulated in the inductance, and then it is consumed in the load. Indeed, in the diagram in Fig. 4.2 the open transistor of the power switch connects the inductance L1 in series with the load and energy is accumulated in it. The voltage at the load rises and, upon reaching the threshold, the comparator outputs a signal to the key element. The transistor closes and disconnects the inductance and load from the power supply. During this period of time, the process of transferring the energy accumulated in the inductance to the load takes place. Thus, periodically (the period is determined by the clock frequency of the generator), part of the time, energy is accumulated in the inductance, and the other part of the period (the remaining) is transferred to the load. With such an impulse action, the voltage ripples on the load are small, because they are smoothed by capacitor C3. With a series connection of a key element and inductance, the voltage at the load is less than the voltage of the power source. Therefore, such devices are called step-down type switching stabilizers.

Now it became clear how the voltage stabilization occurs, but to charge the battery it is necessary to stabilize the current. We recall (Chapter 1) that the KR1156EU5 chip contains a current limiting unit for the key transistor. In order for it to work, you need to turn on the current sensor resistor (R1). Thus, its value will determine the limiting current or the maximum output current.

Therefore, the operation of the device according to the scheme in Fig. 4.2 will proceed as follows. In the event that the load is not connected or the load current is less than the limiting current, the device will stabilize the output voltage in accordance with the parameters of the feedback divider (R2, R3). But if the resistance of the load connected to the output of the device decreases, and the load current increases, then when the set limiting current is reached, the output voltage will begin to decrease. The load current will not exceed the limiting current. Therefore, by connecting a battery of batteries to the memory, the current set by the resistor R1 will flow through them.

The assembled charger board is shown in fig. 4.3.

The list of elements is given in table. 4.1.

With these parameters of the elements, the charging current of the battery is approximately equal to 500 ... 600 mA, and the maximum voltage without connecting the battery is not more than 9,8 V.

The output load characteristics of the car charger are shown in fig. 4.4.

Author: Koltsov I.P.

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