Automatic mains voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power

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Deep voltage fluctuations in the household electrical network usually cause the failure of expensive household appliances. An attempt to solve this problem using the device proposed by A. Kagan in [1], due to some inaccuracies in the circuit diagram and the low power of the connected load, was not successful.

The proposed automatic mains voltage regulator (APSN), in my opinion, is devoid of these shortcomings and is a "working" version [1].

Specifications:

• Deviation of voltage at the input АРСН.......140...270 V, 50 Hz
• Output voltage АРСН.......200...230 V, 50 Hz
• Rated load current / power ....... 5 A / 1,1 kW
• Starting current / starting power for a starting time of 1 min ....... 10 A / 2,2 kW
• Operating mode ....... Continuous
• Protection of the device with a load ....... 13 A fuse
• Type of connected load ....... Household refrigerator

Schematic diagram of ARSN is shown in Fig.1.

(click to enlarge)

A distinctive feature of the proposed device is an additional fifth stage of regulation, a more powerful transformer and electronic switches made on composite transistors. The circuit is supplemented with an output voltage indicator made on the VD2 LED. The principle of operation does not differ from that described in [1].

Details and construction

The power of the booster transformer Tr is determined from the following considerations.

To start the refrigerator, power is required:

Sn=InUn,

where In - starting current 10 A; Un - rated mains voltage 220 V.

Sn=10 Ah220 V=2200 VA.

The required boost voltage when landing in the network up to 140 V is determined based on the minimum allowable voltage at the input of the power receiver (refrigerator), equal to 198 V:

Uvd=198 Vx140 V=58 V.

In this case, the power of the voltage boost transformer is equal to

Str=58 Vx10 A=580 VA.

Considering that the starting mode is short-term, Str can be selected within 400...600 VA.

The transformer is made of strip electrical steel wound in a toroidal core with the following dimensions: outer diameter 176 mm, inner diameter 120 mm, core height 90 mm, effective cross section of the magnetic circuit approximately 25 cm2.

Windings 1-2 contain 370 turns of wire D0,71 mm; 3-4 55 turns of wire D1,12 mm; 4-5 and 5-6 - 49 turns of wire D1,12 mm each. All windings are wound with PETV-2 or PEV-2 wire.

The diameter of the magnetic circuit is chosen so that the mains winding (1-2) fits into one layer, the remaining windings are wound over the mains turn to turn. The insulation between the windings is performed with a varnished cloth in one layer or rubberized insulating tape.

As a transformer Tr, an industrial transformer of the TBS 3-0,4UZ type can be used, while windings 1-2 contain 390 turns of wire D0,63 mm; 3-4 - 58 turns, and 4-5-6 - 53 turns each with a wire D1,09 ... 1,12 mm. The wire type is the same.

It is possible to use two television transformers TS-250 connected in parallel as Tr. In this case, the network windings remain the same, and windings 3-4-5-6 are wound on half-coils according to the scheme shown in Fig. 2, which are divided in half.

The number of turns is determined after winding the control winding. Wire diameter for secondary windings 1,0...1,03 mm. In any case, the voltage on winding 3-4 should be 32,5 V, on windings 4-5, 5-6 - 29,5 V each. A deviation of ± 0,5 V is allowed.

Relay K1, K3 type RP-2M003UHL4B, with 3 groups of switching contacts, winding resistance 300 Ohm, voltage 24 V.

Relay K2 type RP21M-UHL4, with 4 groups of switching contacts with winding resistance 250 Ohm, voltage also 24 V.

All contacts are connected in parallel to increase the switching power (Fig. 3). Before installation, the relay contacts are adjusted to ensure switching synchronism.

The printed circuit board is made in any way (Fig. 4), the location of the elements is shown in Fig. 5.

The design assembly option is shown in Fig. 6, while the groups of zener diodes VD5, VD7, VD9, VD10 are not installed on the board.

Adjustment The ARSN input is connected to a 9-ampere LATR, additionally, AC voltmeters with a scale of 0 ... 300 V, an accuracy class of 0,5 or 1,0 are connected to the input and output of the ARSN. Voltmeters are best used with an arrow scale. The first group of zener diodes (VD5) as part of KS527A + KD521 is soldered into the circuit (the latter is switched on in the forward direction). The voltage at LATR is raised from scratch. With a voltage at the ARCH input of 140 V, the output should not be lower than 198 V. With a further increase in the voltage at the ARCH input (approximately 162 V), the zener diode VD5 should break through, causing relay K1 to operate. In this case, the output voltage before the relay K1 is activated must be 230 V, after operation - at least 200 V. These values ​​can be corrected by including silicon diodes in the 1st group of zener diodes in the forward direction. After that, the VD5 set is fixed on the board.

The 2nd group of zener diodes (VD9) is soldered into the circuit as part of KS527A + KS133A. Raise the voltage on the LATR until relay K1 is activated, then relay K3. The voltages are checked: before the K3 relay is activated, the output voltage should be 230 V, after operation it should be at least 200 V. These values ​​​​are corrected similarly to the 1st group.

The 3rd group of zener diodes (VD7) is soldered into the circuit as part of KS527A + KS175A + KD521. By raising the voltage on the LATR, K1, K3, then K2 are activated in series (when K2 is activated, relay K3 should turn off). When K2 is triggered, the voltage at the APCH output should change similarly to relay K3.

Lastly, the 4th group of zener diodes (VD10) is soldered as part of KS527A + D814D + KD521. Raising the voltage on the LATR from zero, check the sequence of operation of the relay K1, K3, K2 (K3 turns off). Repeated operation of K3 should occur at a voltage at the output of АРСН 236 ... 240 V, after operation - 200 V. The adjustment is carried out similarly to the above.

Approximate voltages at the ARSN input, which cause the relay to operate, and the groups of zener diodes corresponding to them: 162,4 V - K1, VD5; 181,4 V - K3, VD9; 202,8 V - K2, K3, VD7; 236 V - K3, VD10.

Check the performance of the APSN under load. The load can be a standard 1,25 kW electric heater. The voltage is changed at the input by the same LATR (load current 5,7 A). The voltage deviation under load compared to the adjustment voltage should not exceed 3% (for a transformer with a toroidal core).

Parts and possible replacements Fuse . - the DVP-4 type is used, the existing conductor is removed from the fuse-link (of any rating), instead, copper wire D0,25 mm is soldered. The operating current of such a fuse must be 13 A. The remaining parts can be of any type in accordance with the following requirements: VD1 - Ipr \u0,5d 1 ... 500 A, Ubr \u2d 4 V; VD0,5 - LED of any type, glow color of your choice; VDZ, VD1 - Ipr \u100d 6 ... 8 A, Ubr \u11d 509 V; VD510, VD513, VDXNUMX - pulse KDXNUMXA, KDXNUMXA, KDXNUMXA.

To fit groups of zener diodes VD5, VD7, VD9, VD10, you can use any type of silicon diodes.

The body is made of sheet steel or aluminum with a thickness of 1,5 ... 2 mm. To connect the load, use a socket for hidden wiring (Fig. 6).

When turning on, it is necessary to follow the sequence: first turn on the ARSN, and then connect the load to it. In addition, it is advisable to make an audit of the supply network - to connect the ARSN, it is better to install a "Euro socket", and the cross section of the supply conductors must be at least 2,5 mm2.

References:

1. Kagan A. Electronic-relay voltage stabilizer//Radio. - 1991. No. 8. - P.35.

Author: D.G. Bogaditsa

See other articles Section Regulators of current, voltage, power.

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