Types of solar collectors. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Types of solar collectors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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A typical solar collector stores solar energy in modules of tubes and metal plates mounted on the roof of a building, painted black for maximum radiation absorption. They are encased in glass or plastic and tilted to the south to capture maximum sunlight. Thus, the collector is a miniature greenhouse that accumulates heat under a glass panel. Since solar radiation is distributed over the surface, the collector must have a large area.

There are solar collectors of various sizes and designs depending on their application. They can provide households with hot water for laundry, bathing and cooking, or be used to pre-heat water for existing water heaters. Currently, the market offers many different models of collectors. They can be divided into several categories. For example, there are several types of collectors in accordance with the temperature they give:

Low-temperature collectors produce low-grade heat, below 50 degrees Celsius. They are used for heating water in swimming pools and in other cases when not too hot water is required.
Medium temperature collectors produce high and medium potential heat (above 50°C, typically 60-80°C). Usually these are glazed flat collectors, in which heat transfer is carried out by means of a liquid, or concentrator collectors, in which heat is concentrated. The representative of the latter is an evacuated tubular collector, which is often used to heat water in the residential sector.
High-temperature collectors are parabolic plates and are used primarily by power generating companies to produce electricity for the power grid.

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