Spark indicators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Ignition

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As long as all the components of your car are working flawlessly, there is usually no desire to think that there may come a moment when the engine suddenly starts to interrupt, “sneeze” and, finally, refuse to work at all. But such a moment, sooner or later, unfortunately, comes, and often not under the most favorable circumstances...

The simplest spark indicators described in this article can be of great help in determining the malfunction of the car's ignition system.

Malfunctions that occur in the ignition system of a car are characterized by the fact that it is not easy to identify them alone, but together it is both faster and easier. This is understandable: after all, it is impossible to be under the hood at the same time, where you need to find a malfunction, and behind the wheel to start the engine. And four hands are always better than two.

Therefore, many motorists seek to equip their cars with additional indicating devices that allow the driver, being directly at the workplace, to receive reliable information about the health of certain components of the ignition system. As a rule, such indicators are very simple, even an inexperienced radio amateur can make them.

On fig. 1a shows a diagram of one of the variants of the contact breaker health indicator. When the contacts are open, no current flows through the ignition coil - the indicator is de-energized. After closing the contacts, the voltage drop across the primary winding increases to the voltage of the on-board network, so the HL1 LED turns on.

If the engine is running, the LED flashes every time the breaker contacts are closed, and at low crankshaft speeds, individual flashes are visible to the eye. The desired brightness of the LED is set by selecting the resistor R1.

The indicator, made according to the scheme in fig. 1, b, is designed to control high-voltage pulses in the "candle" wires of the engine. In this device, a neon lamp HL1 serves as a source of light flashes.

A band of aluminum or copper foil is wound on the "candle" wire (winding length is about 10 cm) and a flexible conductor-pin is connected to it, to which a neon lamp is attached. This band serves as a capacitor plate, through which part of the energy of the high-voltage pulse is branched off to the indicator.

If such an indicator is provided for each engine glow plug, then by arranging the neon lamps in the order corresponding to the firing order in the cylinders, you will be able to control the operation of all candles. Someone will find it sufficient to have one indicator on board, connected to a bandage on the central wire of the distributor.

Indicator of serviceability of the contact breaker according to the scheme of fig. 1,a is designed to work in a car with a classic ignition system. If your car has a contactless breaker with an electronic ignition unit 36.3734, 3620.3734 or HIM-52 (foreign production), such an indicator, connected, as indicated in the diagram, to the primary winding of the ignition coil, will indicate the operation of the ignition unit, not the breaker.

To control the operation of a contactless interrupter with a Hall sensor, an indicator assembled according to the diagram in fig. 2. This device has a high input impedance, so it hardly shunts the output circuit of the proximity switch. The indicator input is connected to the input of the electronic ignition unit (pin 6).

Neon lamp indicators perform the same functions in an electronic ignition system as described earlier.

Some vehicles are equipped with an electronic ignition system that does not contain a distributor. This system contains two non-contact sensors-interrupters connected to the inputs (pins 19 and 8. 18 and 9, respectively) of the two-channel electronic controller "Electronics MS2713-02". The outputs of the controller channels (pins 4 and 3) are connected to the inputs of the two-channel ignition unit 42.3734 (pins 6 and 5). The outputs of the channels of the ignition unit (pins 7 and 1) are each loaded with the primary winding of two ignition coils.

To control the operation of both channels of the controller in this system, two indicators are required according to the diagram in fig. 2. connected to its outputs 4 and 3. To make it easier to distinguish the light signals of one channel from the signals of another, it is advisable to use red and green LEDs in the indicators. Connecting indicators according to the diagrams shown in fig. 1 has no features.

Some of the cars of the Volga Automobile Plant are equipped with a kind of electronic system that differs from the previous one in that it combines the functions of the controller and the ignition unit in one two-channel MC4004 unit. For such a system, as practice has shown, it is quite sufficient to use indicators according to the schemes in Fig. 1. Two LED indicators are connected in parallel with the primary winding of the ignition coils, and indicators with neon lamps are connected to each "candle" wire.

To protect the LED (HL1, Fig. 1, a) from accelerated degradation of the crystal due to reverse voltage pulses, we recommend turning on any silicon diode in series with the LED for a reverse voltage of at least 400 V

Author: A.Piltakyan

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