Charger protection. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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The usual means of protecting chargers is fuses. Replacing a blown fuse is required to restore functionality. In the charger protection scheme proposed below, in addition to shutting down when the output terminals are accidentally shorted or the battery is incorrectly connected, the battery is protected from overcharging.
The electrical protection circuit is shown in the figure.
The work of the defense is as follows. Thyristor VS1 is unlocked by the collector current of transistor VT1 when the instantaneous value of each half-wave of the rectified pulsating voltage exceeds the battery voltage. If the voltage at the output terminals after protection is low, for example, due to connecting a 6-volt battery instead of a 12-volt one, or the polarity of the battery connection is incorrect, then transistor VT1 is closed and thyristor VS1 remains in a non-conducting state. The protection turns off the battery when it is fully charged, since an increase in the voltage across it leads to reverse bias of the thyristor VS1 and its shutdown. For the protection to work, switch SA1 must be set to the “6 V” or “12 V” position, depending on the battery.
When connecting protection to the charger, it is necessary to increase the voltage at the output of the charger by 1 V to compensate for the voltage drop across the thyristor.
The protection device does not require adjustment.
Details. Thyristor VS1 KU202B is installed on a radiator with an area of 10 cm2. Switch SA1 - toggle switch TV-2-1, pins 3 and 1 of which are connected together and connected to the base of the transistor VT1, and pins 2 and 4 are connected to resistors R5 and R6.
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