|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Micro HPP. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources Kharkov OJSC "Turboatom" has launched a serial production of microhydroelectric power plants, which can operate as stand-alone units designed for sustainable energy supply to consumers, and in parallel with other microhydroelectric power plants on a "local" or industrial network. The original layout of the units, the applied modern materials and design ensure high consumer qualities and reliable operation of these micro hydroelectric power plants. Technical characteristics and prices of micro hydroelectric power plants are given in the table:
One organization purchased a micro HPP PR5-G-20 and installed it on a dam blocking the channel flow of the Lomovatka river, which flows through the territory of the recreation center "Rodnichok" and flows into the Kholodny district of the city of Almaznaya. Water was supplied to the micro hydroelectric power station through a siphon through a pipe with a diameter of 375 mm with a pressure of 2,5 ... 3,2 m (Fig. 1). The axial turbine of the HPP developed the necessary speed, but did not hold the load. Obviously there was not enough work pressure. To increase it, it was necessary to increase the dam or lower the hydroelectric power station downstream.
In the first case, when building up the dam by at least 3 m, it was necessary to perform a large amount of earthwork and increase the flood zone by 4,7 times, and this would lead to flooding of almost the entire territory of the recreation center and adjacent summer cottages. In the second case, it was necessary to lay 500 m of a supply pipe with a diameter of 375 mm from the dam to the hydroelectric power station along the channel and summer cottages. At the same time, more than 20 hundred-year-old oaks and 9 suburban areas would have to be destroyed. Both options proved unacceptable. With all its merits, the micro hydroelectric power station produced by OLO "Turboatom" is not suitable for this low-pressure hydraulic structure. Considering that the Lomovatka River flows in a hollow and has a debit of more than 0,45 m3/s, a hydropercussion pump can be used to construct a micro hydroelectric power station. In the channel flow or in the flow flowing down from the hydraulic structure, a hydropercussion pump is installed, with the required capacity, which converts the low-pressure flow into a high-pressure one, with a lower flow rate. From the hydropercussion pump, water is supplied either directly to the turbine (Fig. 2), or to a higher storage reservoir with a volume of at least 600 m3, and then to the turbine (Fig. 3).
In the first case, the axial turbine of the PR5-G-20 micro HPP approaches the hydropercussion pump like a cow's saddle. With a head in the accelerating pipeline of 2,5 m, the hydropercussion pump will develop a head of at least 40 m. To reduce it, it will be necessary to increase the volume of the accumulator several times. You can imagine such a monster. In the second case, the characteristics of the pump and HPS are easily matched. An additional advantage is the possibility of breeding fish or nutria in a controlled reservoir, as well as the use of a reservoir as a source of technical water supply. But this method is not cheap and is not always possible. Especially if it concerns not theoretical conclusions, but practical implementation in conditions of limited opportunities and lack of finances for the purchase of expensive equipment. It is not recommended to supply water to the hydraulic shock pump through the dam with a siphon, since a certain amount of air (bubble) always remains at the top of the pipe, playing the role of a damper. During a water hammer, the bubble "smeares" the transients and disrupts the operation of the accelerating valve. The pump is unstable and does not develop its characteristics. The accelerating pipe can be installed on the drain. This is the cheapest way to use the pressure of a hydraulic structure to operate a hydraulic shock pump. But it does not allow using the reserve of water accumulated in the reservoir. Most preferably, when installing a hydraulic shock pump on a hydraulic structure, an accelerating pipe is laid through the body of the dam below the freezing zone of water. In this case, two diaphragms must be installed on the pipe to prevent the drainage of water along the pipe. If this is not done, water will seep along the pipe and, as a result, will wash out the body of the dam. The diaphragm is made of a steel sheet with a thickness of 6...10 mm and dimensions from 0,6×0,6 to 1,0×1,0 m, in the center of which a hole is cut along the diameter of the pipe. The diaphragm is put on the pipe in the right place and scalded on both sides with a continuous seam. The diaphragms are installed at a distance of at least two meters from the edge of the dam body (Fig. 4).
At the beginning of the pipe, a shut-off device such as a gate or "monk" is installed. Complete tightness when locking the device can not be achieved. The main thing is that the device restrains the main flow during installation and repair work. Putting a valve at the outlet of the pipe is not always advisable. If the characteristics of the channel flow allow for the normal operation of the pump, it is better not to mess with the hydraulic structures. If the characteristics are a little short, instead of an earthen dam, you can arrange a flow backwater from old rubber tires from trucks. To do this, tires are installed vertically in the channel flow behind the start of the accelerating pipe. A cable is threaded through the tires, fixed to anchors driven in on both banks. Branches are inserted inside the tires, preferably willow. Excess water flow freely flows through such an obstruction. Gradually, the backwater becomes littered and begins to work like a beaver dam. A similar structure can be arranged on streams and small rivers. Do not stack tires in a pile, during the flood they will be carried away by the water stream. To maximize the use of the capabilities of a hydropercussion pump, when it is used as part of a microhydroelectric power station, it is advisable to use not an axial turbine, but a Bank or Pelton turbine as a pressure converter. A simplified design of the Pelton turbine can be made in small workshops. In this case, a special low-speed generator is used as a generator. You can use a generator from a LAZ or LIAZ bus. Authors: D.A. Duyunov, A.V. Pizhankov, S.N. Levachkov
Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024 Major risk factor for gambling addiction
07.05.2024 Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks
06.05.2024
▪ Controlling things with the power of thought ▪ Cleaner in a freshly painted room ▪ Diagnosing a cold before symptoms appear ▪ American attack aircraft powered by alcohol
▪ site section Power supply. Article selection ▪ article Peace on earth, goodwill towards men. Popular expression ▪ Where Did Dinosaurs Live? Detailed answer ▪ article Prevention of main and distribution power boards. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ Article Shaving. Simple recipes and tips ▪ article Wonderful bottle. Focus Secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page