Electrical switching instead of electronic systems. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electrical switching instead of electronic systems. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Radio amateur designer

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When designing electronic circuits, radio amateurs often underestimate the possibility of mechanical or manual switching. In [1] there is a very original control scheme for a three-phase magnetic starter using one button. Since almost all household appliances have been switched to single-button switching, it makes sense to transfer this experience to appliances that operate on three phases.

The standard magnetic starter circuit has two control buttons and a blocking contact driven by the starter electromagnet (Fig. 1).

Electrical switching instead of electronic systems

All of these parts can be replaced by a single-pole pushbutton with a return after a second push. Such buttons are used in table, wall and floor lamps (floor lamps). The PKN-41 button or similar from TVs, vacuum cleaners and other equipment is also suitable. In the case of PKN and analogues, it is desirable to parallelize the same type of pairs of contacts (Fig. 2).

Electrical switching instead of electronic systems

As you can see, the three-phase motor starting circuit is simplified. The disadvantage of this circuit solution is that the engine does not turn off in the event of a short-term power failure in the network. In many cases, such a property is acceptable and even necessary (for example, ventilation engines, emergency pumping of water).

In amateur radio practice, circuits are increasingly appearing that provide two-stage switching on of electric lamps. Such circuits first turn on the lamp through a resistive circuit, and then completely. The function of switches is performed by relays and thyristors, the operation of which is provided by an electronic "retinue". Due to their complexity, such schemes are unlikely to become widespread (a radio amateur will say: "The game is not worth the candle"). Therefore, we will try to design something simpler.

A conventional home switch has two positions "ON" and "OFF". If it is remade into three positions, adding another switch of sufficient power and a resistive circuit of a diode and a resistor to the circuit (Fig. 3), then the problem of "soft" switching on will be solved. With sufficient power of the resistive circuit, "sparing" can be added to the normal mode of operation.

Electrical switching instead of electronic systems

If a "mikrik" is used as an additional switch, then it is advisable to fill its stem hole with a sealing gel (for example, from imported wire connectors with pressure) to prevent burning of the contacts.

Why do I propose to make a resistive circuit from two radio components [2]? The use of a single diode will not save low-power lamps from current shock. Their spiral has time to warm up with one half-cycle of alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, and the use of one resistor will increase the load on it by more than 2 times. When working with a diode, the resistor heats up 2 times less, and cools down constantly, all the time. The diode-resistor tandem is an acceptable and simple option.

If, instead of a conventional switch, a three-position switch with two operating positions is used (Fig. 4), then the gentle switching circuit will be even more simplified.

Electrical switching instead of electronic systems

References:

Yakovlev V.F. Control of the magnetic starter with one button//Electr. - 2001. - No. 7. - C.13.
Bearded Yu. Soldering iron power switch//Electrician. - 2000. - No. 11. - C.15.

Author: Y. Bearded

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