Pyroelectric effect. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
Comments on the article
The pyroelectric effect is the appearance of charges on the faces of the crystal when the temperature changes (both during heating and during cooling). This effect has been known for a long time, in any case, the reaction of tourmaline to heating by sunlight was studied by F. Epinus (1762) and I. Wilke (1768). As radiation receivers, pyroelectrics have a very high sensitivity, they respond only to the variable component of the radiation flux and have a very wide frequency range.
The main application of pyroelectrics is the detection and measurement of radiation of various frequencies: infrared, ultraviolet, millimeter waves, as well as temperature measurement. Pyroelectrics are used in night vision devices, burglar alarms, fire alarms, and various physical devices.
A characteristic of pyroelectrics is the pyroelectric coefficient γm, which determines the change in the potential on the faces of the crystal with a change in temperature by one degree. So, for example, on a cube of zinc oxide measuring 1x1x1 cm, when the temperature changes by 1 degree, a potential of 750 V appears, and on the same crystal of triglycine sulfate - 10000 V. Although the energy of these electrical signals is very small (respectively 10-7 and 10-4 J), but modern electrometric instruments (including operational amplifiers) make it possible to use this exceptionally high sensitivity.
Comparative characteristics of various pyroelectrics are given in the table, where R is the density of the material, γm is the pyroelectric coefficient, S is the spectral range of wave transmission in micrometers.
See other articles Section Electricity for beginners.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Doctor in your pocket
01.03.2000
The American company "Aprex" began to produce jars for medicines with built-in computer memory. Such a jar remembers the time and date when it was opened to take a pill.
From time to time, the jar can be connected to a computer and receive a printout of all the terms of taking the medicine. If the patient's condition has not improved, the doctor can determine whether the medication was taken regularly.
In the future, the company intends to provide this package with a sound signal that will remind you of the need to take the medicine.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ Ghost experiments
▪ Gamers make decisions faster and more accurately
▪ Narrow audio broadcast
▪ Translucent OLED display by Everdisplay
▪ Sugar addiction
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Standard instructions for labor protection (TOI). Selection of articles
▪ article If only I knew, if only I knew. Popular expression
▪ Article Is Global Warming Getting Warmer Everywhere? Detailed answer
▪ article Chief Designer of the Production Department of the Television Broadcasting Department. Job description
▪ article Electronic ballast powered by a low-voltage source on the KR1211EU1 chip. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Device for fast charging of accumulators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese