Mains voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power
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Mains voltage in my new house is very stable. Its maximum value does not exceed 160 V, and during peak hours it is 140 V. At this voltage, the bulbs become "eternal" and no circuits need to be assembled. But the TV does not want to work efficiently. Therefore, I had to assemble such a voltage regulator circuit (Fig. 1).
As an autotransformer T1, a power transformer from a black-and-white lamp TV TS180 was used. The secondary windings from this transformer are removed, and the W1-W2 windings are wound over the primary windings 2-12, each with 37 turns of wire with a diameter of 0,5 ... 0,7 mm. As the SA2 switch, a conventional 11-position switch is used.
The table shows the output voltage values at a certain mains voltage and the corresponding position of the SA2 switch.
AC voltage voltmeter must have a measurement limit of 250 ... 300 V. Transformer T2 - any power. Its primary winding is designed for a voltage of 230 ... 240 V. The number of turns of the secondary winding W2 is selected experimentally. With an output voltage of 230 ... 240 V, relay K1 should work and normally closed contacts K1.1 disconnect the load from the network. To turn it on, it is necessary to set the SA1 switch to the upper position (turn off) according to the diagram and then, observing the readings of the voltmeter, set the voltage within 2 ... 210 V with the SA225 switch, after which the SA1 switch must be returned to the lower position.
As the K1 relay, the RP21-UHL4B alternating current relay was used. If this is not available, you can use any DC relay with a normally closed contact, with a permissible switching voltage of at least 250 V and a current of at least 2 A, turning it on according to the circuit shown in Fig. 2. As a diode VD1, you can use any diode with the maximum allowable reverse voltage, not less than double the relay operation voltage, and with the maximum allowable forward current, not less than double the current consumed by the relay coil.
This voltage regulator was tested for 2 months on the Beryozka Ts208 TV. The autotransformer windings did not heat up above the permissible temperature, there were no malfunctions. Moreover, the switch SA2, set to position 7, has never been switched. At the maximum voltage in the network of my house of 160 V, the load was 220 V, and at a minimum of 140 V, the load was 193 V, which ensured the high-quality operation of the TV. This circumstance helps to extend the life of the kinescope, since a reduced voltage is applied to the filament.
To connect a more powerful load, it is necessary to increase the power of the autotransformer T1 and apply the switches SA1, SA2 to the corresponding currents.
There are many cases when the mains voltage exceeds the maximum permissible limits. Even the voltage of 230...240 V does not contribute to the reliable operation of many types of electrical and radio equipment. In this case, the mains voltage must be applied (Fig. 1) to the entire set of W1W12 windings, and removed from intermediate points.
Author: S.A. Elkin
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