Heat recovery. Scheme, description

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Heat recovery. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Supply and exhaust ventilation systems for administrative and residential premises are effective not only from a sanitary and hygienic point of view. When using heat recovery, they also contribute to lower heating costs. The air removed from the room has a temperature of 20...24°C. Not using this heat means simply throwing it out the window. Exhaust air can be used to heat water and incoming air, thus contributing to environmental protection.

In the ventilation systems of houses, a given amount of air that is removed is taken from rooms with a high content of moisture and pollution (kitchen, toilet, bathroom), then cooled in a cross plate heat exchanger and thrown out. The same amount of pre-dusted outside air is heated in a heat exchanger without contact with the exhaust air and is supplied to living quarters, bedrooms and children's rooms. Appropriate devices are placed in attics or basements.

Heat recovery

In automatic supply ventilation systems, a given amount of air is continuously supplied to the premises with the help of fans. Exhaust fans draw polluted air from kitchens, toilets, etc. With the correct selection of fans, air exchange is ensured, which meets the requirements. The system includes heat exchangers, for example, cross-flow.

Modern installations in houses with good thermal insulation, compared with a convective heating system, can save up to 50% of heat. The efficiency of heat transfer from the exhaust air in plate heat exchangers is up to 60%, and even more with humid exhaust air. This means that in an apartment of 100 m2: the power of the heating system is 10 conventional units. fewer units of fuel per 1 m2 of living space, and the annual heat consumption is reduced from 40 to 15 kW/m2 per year.

A controlled ventilation and heat recovery system requires less energy costs for air heating than other systems. At the same time, due to the reduction in the installed capacity of the heating system, investment costs are reduced in new construction. In addition, fuel costs are reduced, as household heat emissions (heat generated by a person, lighting fixtures, household appliances, and solar heating) are used. Household heat emissions, instead of overheating the room, are redistributed through the piping system to those rooms where there is "underheating". The economic conditions for the introduction of modern heating systems are quite diverse. In a number of federal states in Germany, there are special tax incentives, thanks to which the initial costs can be reduced by 2030%.

In a typical apartment building in Leipzig built in 1912, which was reconstructed and additionally thermally insulated, the Dutch company Van Ophoven used a controlled ventilation system with heat recovery. Houses of this type account for up to 60% of Leipzig's housing stock. Each apartment is equipped with a device installed on the wall in a specially designated place. Outside air is preheated in the utilization device and then heated to the required temperature using an additional heater. In this case, we are talking about indirect heating. An efficiency analysis showed energy savings of 40% and carbon emissions reduced by 69%.

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