Change in the resistance of metals under pressure. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician's Handbook
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Usually, with external pressure, the resistance of metals decreases. If we take the resistance of a metal at normal pressure as a unit, then in the table below you can see how the resistance changes at different pressures.
Intuitively, the softer the metal, the more the resistance changes in it with a change in pressure. But the table shows only "normal" metals. A number of metals behave very strangely under pressure. First of all, let's look at the behavior of mercury.
At normal temperature (+20°C) it is liquid and its resistance is high. But at a pressure of 1,3x104 kg / cm2 mercury solidifies at normal temperature, and its resistance, decreasing, becomes equal to a conventional unit (see figure).
With a further increase in pressure, the resistance of mercury decreases, as in "normal" metals, but at a pressure of 4x104 kg / cm2 again there is a downward jump, and again the resistance decreases. Physicists use such jumps as reference points when measuring high pressures.
But bismuth behaves quite strangely. First, its resistance increases to a pressure of 2,5x104 kg/cm2, followed by a sharp jump down (by 5 times!). If you slightly increase the pressure to 2,6x104 kg / cm2, a jump upwards by a factor of 2,2 follows, and then the resistance decreases as if nothing had happened, like in "normal" metals.
Rubidium behaves abnormally. With increasing pressure, its resistance decreases to a point of 1,5x104 kg/cm2, and then begins to increase. On the contrary, antimony behaves. Her resistance increases to 3x104 kg/cm2, then starts to decrease.
See other articles Section Electrician's Handbook.
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