Why is north on top on maps? Detailed answer

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Why is north on top on maps? Detailed answer

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Why is north on top on maps?

In ancient times, the Mediterranean Sea and its coastal areas were the center of the inhabited world. Cartographers described the territory north of the sea in the most detail, so from that era the top of the maps was oriented to the north. Although on the Chinese maps of the same time, the south was on top, and on the slightly later Arabic maps, the east. On medieval European maps, theologians also placed the east at the top, since there, according to biblical tradition, was paradise. It was not until the 15th century that the ancient tradition began to return, and it was consolidated by the spread of a compass with an arrow pointing north.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

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The custom of kissing the newlyweds at the end of the marriage ceremony came to us from ancient Rome. Then it had a slightly different meaning - the wedding was seen as a contract, and the kiss served as a kind of seal that sealed the contract.

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Genetic cause of early baldness 29.03.2022

Independent teams of scientists from the UK and Germany have discovered a new gene that contributes to the development of male pattern baldness. With a combination of both currently known genetic causes of baldness, the risk of this condition increases sevenfold.

Scientists from the Universities of Bonn and Düsseldorf studied more than 500 regions of the human genome in 300 men with severe baldness. As a result, they were able to find a gene on chromosome 20 that promotes early hair loss. This gene can be passed down both maternally and paternally. Early hair loss in father and son may be due to the influence of this factor, says study leader Axel Hillmer (Axel Hillmer).

Previously, the same group of researchers described another gene for baldness, located on the X chromosome and transmitted only through the maternal line. Carrying this gene, which codes for the androgen receptor structure, is the most likely cause of early hair loss in a grandson and his maternal grandfather.

Scientists from King's College London and McGill University (Montreal, Canada) came to similar conclusions. When studying the genome of five thousand white men, they were able to find two genetic variants located on chromosome 20, which are a risk factor for male pattern baldness. Carriers of unfavorable variants of genes located on chromosome 20, as well as on the X chromosome, have a sevenfold risk of developing baldness before reaching the age of 50. According to study leader Tim Spector, about 14% of white men have this heredity.

New data obtained by scientists may lead to the creation of diagnostic tests to identify men prone to early baldness. People with an unfavorable heredity will be able to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of hair loss at a young age.

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