Why, in September 1945, on the eve of the arrival in the French capital of the English microbiologist Alexander Fleming, the Parisian newspapers wrote that he made more whole divisions to defeat fascism and liberate France? Detailed answer

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Why, in September 1945, on the eve of the arrival in the French capital of the English microbiologist Alexander Fleming, the Parisian newspapers wrote that he made more whole divisions to defeat fascism and liberate France? Detailed answer

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Such a high appreciation of the merits of Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) by the Parisians was due to the fact that he discovered penicillin, the use of which during the Second World War saved the lives of a huge number of wounded who were considered hopeless a few years ago.

In the late 1920s, Fleming grew some cultures of staphylococci (bacteria that cause purulent inflammation) for bacteriological experiments. One day, he discovered that small circles appeared on the surface of the medium where the cultures were grown - areas on which staphylococci were destroyed. Bread mold (Penicillum notatum), which accidentally fell on an uncovered cup in which a culture of staphylococci was grown, turned out to be the cause of the bacteria's death. Fleming suggested that the mold produces a certain substance (penicillin - as he called it), which causes the death of staphylococci.

In 1929, Fleming published the results of his research, but they did not receive due attention from the scientific community. Yes, and Fleming himself, even in 1940, said that "penicillin is not worth doing." However, already in 1941, the British biochemist Howard Walter Flory (1898-1968) and his colleague Ernst Boris Chain (1906-1979), a native of Germany, obtained an extract from bread mold, which, in clinical trials, proved to be effective against a number of bacteria. Flory traveled to the United States, where he helped develop a program to develop methods for purifying penicillin and accelerating its formation of mold.

By the end of the war, large-scale industrial production of penicillin and its use in the clinic had been established. In 1945, Fleming, Flory and Cheyne were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery and preparation of penicillin.

They say that many years after his discovery, Fleming visited some modern microbiological laboratory, equipped with the latest science and technology. He inspected with interest the latest equipment, the sterile room with filtered air and the sparkling clean tables. “What a pity that you didn’t have such a laboratory in your time!” the director of the institute who accompanied Fleming remarked. “Who knows what you could open in such conditions!” "At least not penicillin," Fleming replied with a smile.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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