Power regulator for a soldering iron - automatic light illumination. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Color and music installations, garlands

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It is known that alloy steels with high resistivity (nichrome, constantan, etc.) at normal temperature have a fairly low resistance, which increases significantly when heated. Therefore, at the first moment after turning on the heating element made of the above materials, there is a sharp increase in power consumption, which leads to the appearance of undesirable significant mechanical and thermal stresses, which are unpredictably distributed along the length and cross section of the wire from which the heater is most often made. This, in the end, leads to early and final failure of the heater.

Similar phenomena occur with an incandescent lamp, the light-emitting element of which is made of tungsten. More often than not, they fail when turned on. To prevent this phenomenon, to maximize the resource of the heating element of the soldering iron, perhaps the most common tool in amateur radio practice, the circuit shown in Fig. 1 will help.

(click to enlarge)

The circuit represents a trinistor power regulator (RM) with a smooth automatic voltage increase (PAUN), which almost completely eliminates the above physical phenomena.

The circuit also allows, if necessary, to manually adjust the maximum input power, and hence the temperature of the soldering tip, and as a result directly affects its service life.

Compared to regulation using an autotransformer, where the watt losses in the magnetic circuit are commensurate with the soldering power, the advantages of this regulator in terms of energy saving are obvious, which is very important in our time.

When the New Year is approaching, the radio amateur, as usual, has a question, but how to decorate the forest beauty, get more various effects at the least cost of money and time. And since the light illumination machine (ASI) will work only a few days a year and only for the Christmas tree, it is hardly advisable to make it very complicated. The most logical solution is to modify any existing radio amateur in the arsenal: in the language of advertising, to combine the two in one. A slight complication of the RM with PAUN for a soldering iron will make it possible to turn it into an ASI with a smooth glow and extinction of the garland by simply switching, allowing you to operate the garland of incandescent lamps in a gentle mode, which will also significantly increase their resource. The scheme for finalizing the RM is shown in Fig. 2.

(click to enlarge)

In the existing RM, it is necessary to install a switch S1 and a multivibrator on transistors VTI and VT2, which, using relay K1, periodically, with a frequency of a few hertz, will switch the control circuit of the regulator with its contacts, which in the PM mode is used only for smooth switching on, i.e. uses the charge mode of the capacitor C4, and in the ASI mode, both its charge and discharge are used, i.e. the garland smoothly fades.

Diode VD2 serves to separate the DC source to power the multivibrator from the pulsating supply voltage of the phase-pulse generator on transistors VT5, VT6. Connecting an additional resistor R11 is caused by an increase in current consumption. To reduce it and better repeatability, the K1 relay is self-made with a reed contact.

The design of the regulator is made in a metal case measuring 110X64X34 mm (the case is from an unusable MBM capacitor 4 microfarads x 400 V). The winding of the relay K1 is wound on two frames glued together from the shunts of the Ts434 tester, the internal holes in which are drilled for the reed switch up to 3,2 mm. This design is convenient in that these coils have metal pins pressed into the cheeks, which serve both to fix the ends of the K1 windings and to attach the relay itself to the printed circuit board.

Details. Capacitors C1-C4 type K50-6, C5, C6 - KM. Resistors R1-R8, R10 type MLT0,5, R11, R12 - MLT-2, R9 - SP-1 with a change in resistance from the angle of rotation B or C. Relay K1 contains 3200 turns of wire PEL-0,06 mm. The design uses a reed switch with a bulb diameter of 3 mm. When using other reed switches or ready-made relays, it is necessary to strive to obtain the minimum tripping current K1 (in the author's version it was 4 mA), since a larger current causes an increase in current through the VD6 zener diode, and it may even need to be replaced with a more powerful one, which, in turn , will cause an increase in the power allocated to the current-limiting resistors R11, R12 and will lead to an increase in the temperature inside the RMASI case, which is hardly advisable. Transformer T1 is wound on a permalloy core (half of the magnetic circuit from the universal head of a tube tape recorder) and contains two windings of 100 turns of PELSHO-0,12 wire, wound in bulk. Variants of the construction of T1 can be taken from [1]. Switch S1 - type П2К.

It is advisable to set up the RM in the following sequence: setting in manual mode, setting in PAUN mode, setting in ASI mode. Setting up the RM in manual mode is described in detail in [2]. The switching current stabilizer on VT3, if it is assembled correctly, does not require adjustment. When setting up in PAUN, it should be borne in mind that it is not immediately possible to achieve the optimal slew rate (about 5-7 s) at the first turn-on due to a significant spread in capacitances C1, C2, C4. The most acceptable is the selection of C5 at a fixed C4, guided by the following considerations: the rate of voltage increase is directly proportional to the capacitance C5, the rate of voltage decrease is directly proportional to the capacitance C4 and inversely proportional to the resistance of the resistor R6. Their optimal values ​​are shown in Fig.2.

When tuning in PAUN, it is necessary to keep in mind the above and achieve symmetry by changing the values ​​of the elements of the integrating chain C4R6 or adjusting the ASI for the same time of extinction and ignition of the garland (main mode), introducing a certain asymmetry into the multivibrator, by changing the values ​​of the time-setting circuits R3C1, R4C2, or both and others, based on the desire to obtain the desired intermediate effect. Figures 3 and 4 show the circuit board layout and element placement.

References:

1. Elkin S. Application of trinistor regulators with pulse-phase control//Radioamator.-1998.-№9.-S.37.
2. Elkin S. Circuitry of simple automatons of light illumination//Radioamator.-1999.-№11.-P.28.

Author: S.A. Elkin

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