Starterless start of fluorescent lamps. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Starterless start of fluorescent lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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The experience of upgrading luminaires with fluorescent lamps (LDS) by installing a starterless start (BC) in their housings has shown the following advantages:

Reducing the pulsation of the luminous flux due to power supply from a DC source to 6-10% for LDS 40-80 W, which is equivalent to the pulsations of the luminous flux of incandescent lamps (LN) [5].
The possibility of using lamps that, on alternating current, due to the aging of the phosphor, switched to a one-half-wave mode (increased level of ripples), flashing visible to the eye. The use of a starterless start and the supply of a lamp from a direct current source make it possible to eliminate this defect and operate the LDS almost until the phosphor is completely worn out.
The possibility of using lamps with burnt filaments, which makes them completely unsuitable for use on alternating current.
Increasing the power utilization factor in the AC circuit, determined by the formula: P = UIcosf due to the use of a capacitive ballast device.

Circuitry

In [1-3], some schemes are proposed that allow implementing this method.

The most optimal is (in my opinion) the scheme given in [3]. I want to bring some nuances that are not specified or specified in the above sources is not enough. It is hardly optimal from a constructive and from an economic point of view to connect in series with the LDS LN [3] (another LN and a cartridge for it!), however, the LDS without an additional resistor, connected (in some sources) in series with the LDS to reduce ripples, glows unstable. It is more expedient for this to use instead of the LN or resistor the standard ballast choke available in the modernized lamp, which, obviously, does not require additional modifications. If the inductor is multi-winding, then all windings are connected in series in phase, using the circuit in Fig. 1 to increase the voltage of the alternating voltage measured by the voltmeter.

Starterless start of fluorescent lamps

One of the simplest schemes [4] is shown in Fig.2.

Starterless start of fluorescent lamps

For the breakdown of the ionized gap, an "igniting" electrode is used, which is put on the LDS cylinder. Structurally, the ignition electrode is made in the form of a cantilever made of a winding wire with a diameter of 0,81 mm, at one end connected to a short-circuited glow of the LDS, and at the second end representing an open ring along the diameter of the LDS. The distance from the end of the lamp is selected according to reliable ignition for a particular LDS.

If the radio amateur does not have a sufficient number of ballast capacitors, the LDS power supply circuit can be assembled according to puc.3 [5]. The BZ LDS scheme, made according to Fig. 3, works as follows.

When there is no current in the HL1 circuit, the full mains voltage is supplied to the voltage doubler C2, C3, VD3, VD4. Capacitors C2 and C3 are charged in the same polarity and keep the diodes VD1 and VD2 closed. The same voltage obtained in the circuits C4, C5, VD5, VD6 is added to the doubled network voltage, and the network voltage is quadrupled on HL1. After the lamp ignites, it bypasses the start circuit. Due to the fact that the capacitances C2, C3 are small, they do not have a significant effect on the operating current circuits, and VD1-VD4 operate in the usual full-wave rectifier circuit. Capacitor C1 acts as a ballast resistance for both half-cycles of the supply voltage.

Element base

It is hardly expedient from the point of view of reliability to introduce a relay [1]. In the table of Fig. 1 in [3], ballast capacitors for lamps of 15 W (1,5-2 μF) and 20 W (2-3 μF) are not indicated. In general, capacitors C1 and C4 (Fig. 1 [3]) should be selected accurately enough with the same rating. Capacitors C3, C2 are similar in capacity to a 30 W lamp [3]. The current through the diodes VD1VD4, the inductor L1, as well as the product of the current strength and the voltage on the luminous lamp (for lamps 30-80 W 95-105 V, for 20 W 75-80 V) should not exceed the nameplate power of the lamp. The reverse voltage VD1-VD4 should be selected not lower than 600 V. Since the start-up circuit according to Fig. 1 [3] consists of two mains voltage doublers connected in series, a voltage greater than their reverse can be applied to the diodes of each doubler (in different reference books for diodes D226B lead from 300 to 400 V).

Considering that radio amateurs almost always use used. details, which also does not affect reliability for the better, it is better to power lamps (as repair experience shows) of 15-30 W, instead of one diode, turn on two series-connected types D226B, in parallel with which to connect resistors MLT 0,5 100 kOhm (for equalization their reverse resistances) or use modern KD226D diodes, 1 pc. For 40-80 W lamps, it is better to use KD202R diodes. It should also be noted that two LDS connected in series in a 2x20 W luminaire reliably start with a capacity of at least 4 μF. The requirements for diodes are the same.

To reduce the level of interference, the source of which is the LDS, in parallel with it (does not depend on power), you can connect a capacitor consisting of two series-connected type KSO 4700 pF x 500 V. To eliminate the possibility of damaging the charge of ballast capacitors from the mains plug (especially in portable lamps ), in parallel they need to turn on the discharge resistors MLT 0,5 500 kΩ-1 MΩ. It is desirable to use ballast capacitors for a voltage of at least 400 V, and capacitors used for starting - at least 500 V.

In the circuit in Fig. 3, L1 and L2 are halves of a two-winding choke type 1UBI 40/220, connected in phase, i.e. the conclusions from one end of the inductor are connected to VD5 and VD6, and from the other end - to the corresponding ends with HL1.

Starterless start of fluorescent lamps

If the throttle is unbalanced, then instead of L2, a jumper is included. The total inductance of a multiwinding choke type 1UBE 40/220-VP is greater than that of a two-winding one, and it performs filtering better. If radio amateurs have separate chokes and free space in the upgraded lamp, they can be turned on instead of L1 and L2. In this case, their phasing does not matter. When upgrading luminaires, special attention should be paid to safety!

References:

Bannikov V. Luminescent lamps from waste parts//Radioamator.-1999.-№6.
Budyansky B. Eternal lamp // Radioamator.-1999.-№10.-S.43.
Sych S. Extending the life of fluorescent lamps // Radioamator.-1999.-No. 10.-S.42.
Savin V. Resuscitation of LDS//Model designer.-1995.-№5.-p.9
Khalatyan A. Powering fluorescent lamps//To help the radio amateur.-№67.

Author: S.A. Elkin

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Comments on the article:

Tractor
I would like to emphasize that these schemes are only good for "afterburning" faulty lamps (with broken cathodes). For serviceable ones, it is better not to use such circuits, because the lamp life is reduced by THREE. The reason is cold ignitions (without heating the cathodes) and direct current, which causes cataphoresis. Because of the latter, it is desirable to introduce a toggle switch into the circuit to periodically change the polarity of the lamp.

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