Plant watering machine. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby
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A schematic diagram of a simple machine that includes the supply of water to a controlled area of soil (for example, in a greenhouse) when its moisture content drops below a certain level is shown in the figure. The device consists of an emitter follower on transistor V1 and a Schmitt trigger (transistors V2 and V4). The actuator is controlled by the electromagnetic relay K1. Humidity sensors are two metal or carbon electrodes. immersed in the ground.
With sufficiently wet soil, the resistance between the electrodes is small and therefore the transistor V2 will be open, the transistor V4 will be closed, and the relay K1 will be de-energized.
As the soil dries out, the soil resistance between the electrodes increases, the bias voltage at the base of transistors V1 and V3 decreases. Finally, at a certain voltage at the base of transistor V1, transistor V4 opens and relay K1 is activated. Its contacts (not shown in the figure) close the circuit for turning on a damper or an electric pump that supplies water for irrigating a controlled area of soil. With an increase in humidity, the resistance of the soil between the electrodes decreases, after reaching the required level, the transistor V2 opens, the transistor V4 closes and the relay is de-energized. Watering stops. The variable resistor R2 sets the threshold for the operation of the device, which ultimately determines the soil moisture in the controlled area. Transistor V4 is protected from surges of negative polarity when relay K1 is turned off by diode V3.
Note. The device can use transistors KT316G (V1, V2), KT602A (V4) and diodes D226 (V3).
Literature
- "Elecnronique pratique" (France), No. 1461
Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru
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