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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Practical methods of working with a metal detector. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / metal detectors Acquaintance with the device When you bring your metal detector home, the first thing to do is to carefully read the supplied manual. If the device is simple and has one, two or three adjustment knobs, then you will figure it out quickly. In the event that you have purchased a computerized device, then it is better not to rush and get acquainted in detail with the manual and the device itself. The most important controls for metal detectors are the following three: 1. Setting the threshold background. 2. Ground balance (pound balance). 3. Discrimination. Simple metal detectors usually have automatic settings and "pound balance". You just have to turn on the device and select the desired level of discrimination. Computerized instruments usually have several factory search programs, as well as several programs that you can create yourself and remember them. In any case, you must first familiarize yourself with the device and learn all its functions. To do this, put the assembled device on a table or chair that does not have metal parts. Install coils perpendicular to the bar. Turn on the device, adjust if necessary, set the discrimination to zero and the sensitivity to 3-5. Pick up various metal objects for testing. These can be 2-3 types of iron nails, pieces of foil, a pull tab from a can, corks (iron and aluminum), gold and silver rings, any jewelry and various coins. Then alternately pass these objects in front of the coil at a distance of 8-10 cm from it. The device will give a positive or negative signal. Typically, this procedure is described in the accompanying manual and you should follow this description. During these tests, you will find that at a certain level of discrimination, the device does not react to iron nails and corks. As the level of discrimination increases, the device no longer reacts to foil (these are candy and cigarette wrappers). However, as you further increase the level of discrimination, when you want to detune from aluminum corks and tabs from cans, you will find with annoyance that the device stops responding to thin gold rings and chains as well. Therefore, discrimination must be used with caution. First steps in nature So, you got acquainted with the operation of the device, learned what sounds it makes, reacting to various objects at different levels of discrimination. Now you are ready to test the metal detector in nature. It may be a small lawn near the house. You may need to adjust the length of the bar and the angle of the coil to suit your height. The length of the bar should be such that even during prolonged work you do not feel tired. The handle of the device should be in a freely outstretched hand. During the search, you must move the searchcoil from side to side in an arc or in a straight line in front of you, using the movement of your shoulder for this. In this case, the coil should be parallel to the ground at a distance of 2-3 cm from it. This movement of the coil is called scanning. Setting up the device in nature is practically the same as setting it up at home, except for the need to perform ground balancing ("ground balance" - Ground Balance), if your device has such a knob. This is a very significant tuning point, which largely determines the practical sensitivity of the device. The fact is that during the adjustment process, it is necessary to enter into the device a measurement of the degree of soil mineralization, i.e. kind of zero point. If this is not done or done poorly, the device will either spontaneously excite, reacting to the unevenness of the soil, or, with its stable operation, the sensitivity will decrease significantly. We need a golden mean, in which the device is stable and the sensitivity is the highest possible. The ground balancing procedure is described in detail in the instrument manual. From experience we can say that you need to be very careful in choosing the site for this adjustment. Check that the area is level, keep the coil at a distance of 5-7 cm from the ground. After detuning, it is imperative to check if there is metal in this area. If the device picks up any signal from ferrous or non-ferrous metal, the pound detuning must be repeated on a "clean area".
Most simple instruments have automatic ground balancing. Manual tuning is more accurate and increases the depth of detection. So, you have set up the device and are ready to search. For the first few days, it is recommended to search in the "All metals" mode, that is, set the discrimination knob to zero. You'll be digging up a lot of trash, but it's good for practice. In order to better understand how the device will behave in the field, it is useful to choose an area free of metal, and bury some coins and objects from the garbage category at different depths in it and then see how the device reacts to them in the "All" modes. metals" and "Discrimination". Bury objects to a depth of 5 to 15 cm and at least 30 cm apart. Draw a map of the location of your objects to be sure of what is buried where and at what depth. Practice on these objects, getting used to the signals of the device. This will also allow you to select the optimal scanning speed. These test pads are the best tool to hone your ground detecting skills with a metal detector. The metal detector is most effective when the coil is held in close proximity to the ground during the scanning process. This increases the depth of object detection and response to small objects. It is very important to learn how to properly scan the ground surface with a coil. The coil should be kept at a constant height from the ground at all times. A typical mistake for beginners is to raise the coil above the ground at the ends of the strokes by 15-20 cm. you lose depth of search. It is better to reduce the stroke width or move the coil in front of you not in an arc, but in a straight line. This method allows you to cover a large area and control the height of the coil above the ground. The speed of movement of the coil during scanning is 50-70 cm/sec. However, if there are many objects in the ground, such as coins, the speed can be reduced to 10-15 cm/sec. Taking into account that the object detection zone under the coil has the shape of a cone, each stroke should be covered by at least 50% to complete the processing of the area. Every time the device beeps, try to guess before digging what kind of find it is, what size and shape it is, and at what depth it is. Analyze audio signals and information on the display (if available). If you guessed it, great. If not, try to determine why. The more you do this, the better you will be at it, the faster you will learn to work with a metal detector and understand everything it informs you about. When you have dug up the find, check the hole with a tool to make sure there is nothing else in it. Always dig holes. Collect any debris you dig up to dispose of in a secluded area away from the area being worked on. Having received a signal, it is necessary to determine the exact location of the object. Some devices have a special PINPOINT button, when pressed, the device switches to static mode and the location of the object can be determined with a stationary coil. With a small movement of the coil, the maximum volume of the signal will be when the object is exactly under the center of the coil. For a more accurate reading, place the searchcoil on the ground directly above the object. Stir the coil on the ground from side to side and back and forth. Find the place where the maximum sound volume is observed during both of these movements. In this place under the center of the coil is the object If the device does not have a PINPOINT button, then the position of the object is also easy to find out, and this can be done in several ways. It is best to determine the position of an object by moving the coil crosswise over it while working in the All Metal mode. Remember that the signal is always loudest when the target is directly below the center of the coil Move the coil over the target first from side to side and then back and forth until you find the center of the cross - the spot on the ground where the signal is loudest . Determining the location of an object in the "Discrimination" mode is also done when the coil is moved crosswise. Remember that the device gives a short beep when the object is close to the center of the coil. Decreasing the coil speed makes it easier to find the center of the cross, as the instrument's reaction to the object is reduced at low speeds, making it easier to correlate the sound to the center of the coil. metal detector stopped working As a rule, with proper handling, metal detectors last a long time. So, the Tesoro company gives a guarantee for its devices for 25 years (subject to one user). The author successfully uses the White's Coinmaster 6000, purchased back in 1980. Nevertheless, small malfunctions happen from time to time, and you need to be prepared for them and not be scared if the device suddenly stops working. Before you start looking for the cause of a device malfunction, check the batteries. Maybe it's all about them. If the batteries are normal, pay attention to the following points. The cable connecting the coil to the electronic unit contains 4-5 wires. If the cable is frequently disconnected, one of the wires from the connector pins may break. By sliding the protective cover of the connector, you can access the wires, check them and correct the defect. Sometimes the sound disappears from the device. This happens if the wire to the speaker is broken, or if foreign objects get into the headphone jack. If the socket is clean and the device with headphones works, then the whole thing is in the dynamics. It is necessary to either solder the broken wire, or replace the speaker. A number of malfunctions are associated with coils. In general, the coils are sealed, but sometimes, with careless handling, cracks can appear in them, through which water enters and disables the device. In case of strong blows with a hollow coil on trees and stones, the wire suitable for the coil screen may break, as a result of which the device stops working. Recently, all firms have switched to solid coils, which, although somewhat heavier, are more reliable. Finally, the device may fail if water gets inside the electronic unit. In this case, in some cases, microcircuits may burn out, in other cases, after drying, the device begins to function normally again. When working in the rain, it is recommended to put a protective cover on the electronic unit, and try not to drop the device into water. In most metal detectors, the controls (switches, switches, potentiometers, etc.) are not protected from the ingress of fine sand and dirt into them, which in the end can lead to their failure. To avoid this, it is recommended to put an elastic band from a pipette on the switch handle and fix it with a thread on the thread of the switch. If dirt gets into the rotating controls, sticking or difficulty turning the handle is observed. If you install a rubber ring under the handle, this will prevent a possible defect. Author: Bulgak L.V.
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