USB programmer for AVR and AT89S microcontrollers. Scheme, description

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USB programmer for AVR and AT89S microcontrollers, compatible with AVR910. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Microcontrollers

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This device supports word and page writing used in programming the AVR family of MCUs, and byte writing for the AT89S53 and AT89S8252 MCUs of the AT89S family. Thus, with the help of the programmer, it is possible to program all current MKs of the AVR family and MK AT89S53 and AT89S8252 of the AT89S family with the support of these MKs from the control software installed on the computer.

The programmer is based on the Objective Development driver and is fully compatible with the original ATMEL AVR910 programmer. I recommend repeating it exactly according to the scheme shown in the figure. Removing "unnecessary", at first glance, details can either lead to incorrect functioning of the programmer, or to failure of the computer's USB port.

USB programmer for AVR and AT89S microcontrollers, compatible with AVR910. USB programmer

The X1 connector is connected with a standard cable to one of the USB port sockets available in the computer. The FU1 fuse is used to protect the power lines of this port from accidental short circuits in the programmer circuits. Diodes VD1 and VD2 - conventional rectifiers with a direct voltage drop of 0,6 ... 0,7 V - are designed to lower the power supply of the DD1 microcontroller to 3,6 V. According to the documentation, it can operate at this supply voltage with a clock frequency of up to 14 MHz or more. Connector X2 is connected to the ISP connector of the programmable device or to the panel of the programmable microcircuit, the power supply to which must be supplied separately.

Rectangular pulses with a frequency of 3 MHz are output to pin 2 of connector X1 to "revive" the MK, which had the configuration bits (fuses) responsible for clocking erroneously programmed. This signal is generated constantly and does not depend on the operating mode of the programmer. LEDs HL1 and HL2 signal the current actions of the programmer - respectively, about reading information from the memory of the programmable microcontroller and about writing to it. The HL3 LED is on when the programmer is powered. Resistors R11-R15 are designed to match the signal levels of MK DD1 with those in external circuits. Jumper S1 during the initial programming of MK DD1 is set to the "Mod." (the opposite of its position in the diagram).

By connecting an external programmer to the X2 connector, the control program is loaded into the MK. After that, the jumper should be returned to the "Normal" position shown in the diagram. For the normal operation of the downloaded program, it is necessary that the SPIEN, CKOPT, SUT1 and BODEN configuration bits be programmed (set to 0) in the DD0 MCU, and the rest left set to 1. Usually, in ATmega8 MCUs received directly from the manufacturer, the SPIEN bit is already programmed. By setting jumper S2, it is possible to lower the clock frequency of the SPI MK DD1 interface to approximately 20 kHz. This is necessary for programming AVR-family MCUs clocked from an internal 128 kHz oscillator. With the S2 jumper removed, the SPI interface operates at about 187,5 kHz. This allows the MCU to be programmed at a minimum clock speed of 570 kHz (ATtiny and ATmega families), 750 kHz (AT90S families) and 7,5 MHz (AT89S families).

You can remove and install jumper S2 "on the go", because each time you access the SPI interface, the MK DD1 program checks for its presence. It is not recommended to do this only when the process of writing / reading the programmable MK is running, which can lead to distortion of the information being written or read. MK programming using the AVRProg v.1.4 utility from the AVR Studio package takes 10 ... 30 s along with verification, depending on the amount of memory and clock frequency. The programmer has been successfully tested with ChipBlasterAVR v.1.07 Evaluation, CodeVisionAVR, AVROSP programs. AT89S53, AT89S8252, AT90S2313, AT90S8515, ATtiny13, ATtiny26, ATtiny45, ATtiny2313, ATmega48, ATmega8, ATmega8515, ATmega8535, ATmega16, ATmega32, ATmega64, ATmega128, ATmega90, ATmega128, ATmega910, ATmegaXNUMX, ATmegaXNUMX, ATmegaXNUMX microcontrollers were programmed. The AVRDUDE program turned out to be incompatible with this programmer, it does not work all the commands of the AVRXNUMX protocol correctly.

When you first connect a manufactured programmer with a correctly programmed MK DD1 to a computer, the operating system will find a new device - AVR910 USB Programmer. It should be noted that this will not happen if the nominal frequency of the ZQ1 resonator in the programmer differs from 12 MHz. This is due to the peculiarities of the operation of USB and the MK DD1 program. You must refuse the system's offer to automatically find the driver and specify the path to the prottoss.avr910.usb.inf file. The warning that the driver is not digitally signed should be ignored.

I had problems when, after installing the programmer in the system, the AVRProg v. 1.4 was unable to locate it. It turned out that the operating system chose the COM9 virtual port for the programmer, and the AVRProg program can only work with COM 1-COM4 ports. You can change the port number using the "Device Manager" of Windows, following the path "AVR910 USB Programmer->Properties->Port Settings->Advanced->Number->COM Port". Installing the programmer in Windows 2000 does not differ, in principle, from that described above for Windows XP, but there is one peculiarity: delays in the usbser.sys driver of this OS distort the commands generated by the computer to the programmer and the responses sent by the programmer to them. What's the matter, I have not yet found out, but I found a reliable way to fix the problem. It is enough to replace the ..\winnt\system2000\drivers\ and ..\winnt\ system32\dllcashe\ file usbser.sys in the Windows 32 system folders with the same name from Windows XP. Naturally, it will have to be replaced by booting under another OS (for example, from a boot disk).

As a rule, a correctly assembled programmer with a correctly programmed MK DD1 does not need to be adjusted. The only remark: the RESET input of the programmable MK can be connected to the power plus with a resistor with a nominal value of at least 10 kOhm. This is due to the reduced supply voltage of MK DD1 and the presence of limiting resistors in the control signal circuits.

If the programmer does not work, first of all, you should make sure that there are no installation errors, breaks or short circuits on its board. Then measure the voltage between the power pins of MK DD1 (7 and 8). It should be in the range of 3,5 ... 3,8 V. Next, check if the MK clock generator is working. This can be done using an oscilloscope by connecting it to pin 10 DD1. If there is no oscilloscope, connect an ordinary LED between pin 10 and common wire through a 330 ... 510 Ohm limiting resistor (cathode to common wire). If the generator is running, the LED will glow dimly. It remains to check whether the program loaded into MK DD1 has started. One of the signs of its operation is the presence of 1 MHz pulses on pin 3 of connector X2. This can be done using an oscilloscope or an LED using the method described above. When closing the leads of the ZQ1 quartz resonator with tweezers, a dimly lit LED should randomly either increase brightness or go out altogether.

Program for microcontroller firmware

Author: A. Ryzhkov, Novokuznetsk; Publication: cxem.net

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