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Cold for fast heating

19.02.2020

The fastest way to heat some materials is to cool them first. This idea parallels the Mpemba effect, where hot water sometimes freezes faster than cold water.

To reheat a slice of pizza, you're unlikely to want to chill it first, but a theoretical study suggests that cooling as a first step before heating may be the fastest way to reheat some materials.

The concept is similar to the Mpemba effect, which remains incomprehensible to scientists until now, as it is very difficult to reproduce the effect consistently. The new study is "a way to look at effects like the Mpemba effect from a different perspective," says physicist Andrés Santos of the University of Extremadura in Badajoz, Spain, who was not involved in the study.

Physicists Amit Gal and Oren Raz from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, studied a theoretical system called the Ising model, a two-dimensional grid of atoms whose magnetic poles point up or down. In particular, they considered a variant of the Ising model, in which neighboring atoms point their poles in opposite directions. This behavior is called antiferromagnetic. And this system can heat up faster after the pre-cooling phase.

In order for the new effect to manifest itself, the system must have a corresponding property, other than uniform temperature, which is affected by pre-cooling. Otherwise, there would be no difference between a system that was pre-cooled and warmed up and a system that was just warming up.

In the case of the antiferromagnetic Ising model, the researchers considered the property of the overall magnetization created by all the atoms, as well as how many magnets point in opposite directions. Cooling the material can change the relationship between these two properties so that heating will subsequently occur much faster.

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Electric vehicles as part of a common electrical grid 03.03.2018

Renault has created a "smart island" in Portugal. This is the island of Madeira with an area of 785 km2 and a population of over 267 people. It belongs to Portugal and is located in the Atlantic Ocean.

Renault decided to use the island to build a smart infrastructure model for the near future. Of course, the project does not apply to the entire island, but only to a small area of 41 km2, which is home to almost 5500 people.

The project includes three stages. At the first stage, 20 people will receive Zoe and Kango ZE electric cars at their disposal. For the needs of these cars, 40 charging stations have been built throughout the territory. If there is a margin of time, stations will charge cars when it is most efficient and profitable.

During the second phase of the project, electric vehicles, if possible, will not be charged, but will give electricity back to the grid. True, here the question arises of a faster depletion of the battery resource, so the expediency of such an approach is in question.

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In general, Renault wants to try to create a single network that will include both conventional electric grids, Powervault home batteries and even electric cars. Managed by a single system, this entire network should work more efficiently. But, as we have already noted, in such a scenario, the battery life in cars will be consumed faster, since the battery will be constantly charging and discharging, even when the car is not driving anywhere.

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