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Tellurium Mini Transistors

18.02.2020

Computer chips use billions of tiny switches called transistors to process information. The more transistors on a chip, the faster the computer runs.

Researchers at Purdue University, in collaboration with Michigan Technological University, Washington University in St. Louis, and the University of Texas at Dallas, have discovered that a material shaped like a one-dimensional DNA helix encased in a boron nitride nanotube could build a field-effect transistor two nanometers in diameter. Transistors on the market are made from bulkier silicon and range in size from 10 to 20 nanometers.

One way to reduce the size of FETs, which is found in most electronic devices, is to create gates that surround thinner nanowires. These nanowires are inside nanotubes.

Researchers have successfully built a transistor with a tellurium nanowire encased in a boron nitride nanotube. The high-quality boron nitride nanotube effectively insulates tellurium, which makes it possible to build a transistor.

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Battery absorbing carbon dioxide 01.10.2018

Instead of trying to turn carbon dioxide into other chemicals using metal catalysts, MIT chemists have created a battery that can continuously turn carbon dioxide into a solid mineral carbonate. The battery is made of lithium metal, carbon and non-aqueous electrolyte.

Currently, power plants equipped with carbon capture systems typically use up to 30 percent of the electricity they generate just to capture, process and store carbon dioxide. The researchers believe that anything that can reduce the cost of this neutralization process, or can lead to an end product of value, can significantly change the economics of such systems.

Until now, attempts to utilize carbon dioxide by converting it into a useful product have encountered its low reactivity for chemical reactions, requiring either the manufacture of electrodes from expensive catalysts, or high voltages, which precluded the use of water-based solutions.

Instead, the research team developed a new approach that could potentially be used directly in a power plant's waste stream to make a material for one of the main battery components, the electrolyte, using liquid carbon dioxide.

At the same time, using gas in a liquid state, specialists have found a way to achieve electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide using only a carbon electrode. The key is to pre-activate the carbon dioxide by including it in the amine solution.

The scientists demonstrated in a series of experiments that this approach actually works and can produce lithium carbon dioxide batteries with voltages and capacities that are competitive with the latest lithium gas batteries. Moreover, the amine acts as a molecular catalyst that is not consumed during the reaction.

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