Socket with indicator. Scheme, description

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Socket with indicator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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By equipping an ordinary socket with the proposed LED indicator, you can increase the usability of this most common electrical appliance. The indicator will not only show that the network is working and help you find the outlet in the dark, but also change the color of the glow if a load is connected to the outlet. A flashing red LED indicates that the fuse built into the socket has tripped as a result of an overload.

It is desirable to equip with such an indicator those sockets to which devices powered by the mains are connected that do not have their own on indicators and fuses. The device, assembled according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1, should be placed inside the XS1 socket housing, and if there is not enough space in it, next to the socket in a separate housing.

Socket with indicator
Fig. 1

In the event of a fusible insert FU1 burnout, the mains voltage will be applied through the resistor R2 and the load (if connected) to the elements VD1, R1, C1, VD5 and HL1 previously shunted by the insert. The diode VD1 passes only half-waves of the mains voltage that are direct for it, which charge the capacitor C1 through the current-limiting resistor R1 to the stabilization voltage of the zener diode VD5. This voltage is sufficient for the flashing HL1 LED to signal a malfunction.

While the load is not connected to the XS1 socket, any noticeable current does not flow through the diodes VD2-VD4, the voltage drop across them is close to zero. Therefore, the capacitor C2 is discharged and the field effect transistor VT1 is closed. The HL2 LED located in its drain circuit does not light up. But the voltage across the resistor R6 is enough to open the transistor VT2. Current flows in its drain circuit. Glows, indicating the presence of voltage in the network and helping to find the outlet in the dark, LED HL3.

If the load is connected to the XS1 socket and consumes current, its negative half-waves flow through the VD3 diode, and the positive ones through the VD2 and VD4 diodes connected in series, the voltage drop across which is sufficient to charge the capacitor C3 through the resistor R6 and the VD2 diode to a voltage at which transistor VT1 will be open. The HL2 LED will turn on, indicating the presence of a load, since the voltage between the drain and the source of the transistor VT1 will decrease to almost zero. The voltage between the gate and the source of the transistor VT2 will also become zero. This transistor will close, turning off the HL3 LED.

Resistor R7 - current limiting. Diode VD7 prohibits the flow of current through field-effect transistors and LEDs in negative half-cycles of the mains voltage. Diodes VD8 and VD9 protect the LEDs from excessive reverse voltage. Resistors R4 and R8 eliminate the stray illumination of the off LEDs. If necessary, they are selected within 3 ... 8,2 kOhm.

It should be noted that the operation of the indicator from a load with a power of only 1 W was achieved due to the low (only 0,6 V) threshold voltage of the KP504A (VT1) field-effect transistor. This transistor should not be replaced with another one. But the same type of transistor in position VT2 can be replaced with KP501 A.

The maximum load power connected to the XS1 socket depends on the allowable forward current of the VD2-VD4 diodes. For diodes of the type indicated in the diagram, the current should not exceed 1,7 A, and the load power should not exceed 500 ... 700 W.

Diodes KD102B can be replaced with KD105B or other rectifiers with a permissible reverse voltage of at least 300 V, and the D9B diode with another germanium of the same series or, for example, the D2 series. Instead of a KS156A zener diode, any low-power one with a stabilization voltage of 3,9 ... 5,6 V is suitable.

LEDs of the types indicated in the diagram can be replaced by others with similar characteristics, choosing the color of their glow according to your own taste. It is only necessary to remember that the one who will use the outlet must have stable associations between the color of the indicator glow and the situation.

The blinking LED (HL1) can be replaced with a conventional non-flashing one. In this case, the capacitor C1 can be excluded from the device, and the zener diode VD5 can be replaced with an ordinary diode, turning it on in the same direction. LEDs HL2 and HL3 can be replaced with one two-color three-pin or even use two crystals of different glow colors in a multi-color LED. It is not possible to replace all tdh LEDs (HL1 -HL3) with one full-color one without noticeable complication and alteration of the circuit, since pairs of LEDs have common cathodes. The desired brightness of the HL2 and HL3 LEDs can be achieved by selecting the resistor R7, however, it is undesirable to set it less than 22 kOhm due to too much heat dissipation.

Socket with indicator
Fig. 2

A variant of the printed circuit board of the signaling device, designed for installation in a network extension housing with several sockets, is shown in fig. 2. Capacitor C1 - K50-35, C2 - any ceramic or film.

If you reduce the size of the board a little, it can also be built into a wall outlet for open wiring. If there is not enough space inside the socket recessed into the wall, the signaling device can be made in the form of an adapter inserted into such a socket.

Author: A. Oznobikhin, Irkutsk; Publication: radioradar.net

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