Night light, lamp. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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The proposed luminaire (its diagram is shown in Fig. 1) is distinguished by an original lighting effect, increased reliability and a design that ensures electrical safety in operation. The following measures have been taken to improve reliability. Firstly, a film noise-suppressing capacitor (C1) with a rated voltage of 250 V AC, which is insensitive to overloads, is used as a ballast. In the absence of such a capacitor, it is permissible to use two K73-17 film capacitors connected in series with a capacity of 0,47 μF and a rated voltage of 630 V.

Fig. 1

Secondly, a diode bridge RS107 (VD1) with a permissible reverse voltage of 1000 V was used to rectify the alternating voltage, which guarantees its safety even in the event of a breakdown of the ballast capacitor. It can also be assembled from separate diodes with a forward current of 1 A and a permissible reverse voltage of at least 700 V (for example, 1 N4007, FR107).

To limit the current pulse at the moment the device is turned on, resistor R2 is introduced into the network, and resistor R1 is used to quickly discharge the ballast capacitor after the nightlight is disconnected from the network. Zener diodes VD2, VD3 limit the output voltage of the power supply at a safe level when the cord that connects the rectifier to the lamp itself breaks.

The original visual effect is achieved through the use of flashing seven-color LEDs ARL-5013 RGBW-B-7 color slow. These two-pin LEDs are a device consisting of three light-emitting crystals (red, green and blue glow colors) placed in one transparent case and a control device for them. The latter contains a generator with a frequency of several megahertz and a frequency divider circuit with an output frequency of a fraction of a hertz. Such a high frequency of the master oscillator is explained by technological reasons - it is much easier to manufacture such a complex device than a small-sized high-capacity capacitor for timing circuits.

In addition, the control device includes a node that provides smooth switching on and off of each crystal by changing the width of switching pulses with phase overlap. As a result, each LED glows with all the colors of the rainbow. The brightness of the glow remains unchanged. The frequencies of the driving oscillators of the LEDs even of the same batch are slightly different, and this achieves an additional color effect, when from time to time the voltage phases on the LEDs coincide and they all shine in the same color. Capacitors C3-C7 eliminate the mutual influence of the LEDs.

Structurally, the device is made as follows. The power supply is assembled by surface mounting in the mains plug. Since all parts are under mains voltage, special attention was paid to electrical safety. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used to insulate the luminaire itself, consisting of LEDs HL1-HL5 and capacitors C3-C7 connected in parallel to them.

Plastic bottles for carbonated drinks are made from this material. About 45 mm from the bottom side and 35 mm from the neck side are cut from a transparent colorless bottle. The LEDs are placed inside the conical part (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2

Puncture its walls with an awl under the leads, insert them from the inside, connect them in series from the outside and solder a capacitor in parallel to each LED. In the bottom part, a hole is pierced with a heated soldering iron, into which the power cord is inserted. Its wires, observing the polarity, are soldered to the terminals of the extreme LEDs, after which the conical part (neck down) is lowered into the bottom of the bottle. As a result, the outputs of the LEDs, the capacitors and the places for connecting the power wires are insulated: from the outside - by the bottom of the bottle, from the inside - by the cone. The edges can be fastened with staples of a stationery stapler or transparent adhesive tape (adhesive tape).

From above, the lamp is covered with a small crystal vase - and the night light is ready. If you use serviceable parts and there are no errors in the installation, the device does not require adjustment.

Author: K. Moroz

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