Chandelier control with four lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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The proposed device allows using a conventional switch with one pair of contacts to control a chandelier with four lamps, including one, two, three or all four.

At the first closing of the contacts of the switch SA 15 after a long (more than 1 s) disconnection, only the lamp EL 1 will be switched on, to which the mains voltage is supplied directly. The pulsating voltage coming from the VD 2 diode bridge through the R 1 resistor is limited by the VD 1 zener diode to 12 V. Almost to this value, the capacitor C 4 will be charged through the VD 1 diode. The voltage removed from it feeds the DD 1 and DD 2 microcircuits. The pulse, formed by the differentiating circuit R 4 C 3 in the process of increasing the supply voltage, sets the triggers of the DD 1 chip to its initial state with low logic levels at outputs 1 and 13. As a result, the field-effect transistors VT 1 and VT 2 remain closed, and the lamps EL 2 - EL 4 - turned off. Since the capacitor C 2 does not have time to noticeably charge in the pauses between pulses with a frequency of 100 Hz coming through the diode VD 3, the level at the counting input of the trigger DD 2.1 remains low. The state of the triggers, and with them the lamps EL 2 - EL 4, does not change.

If you open the contacts of the switch SA 1, the voltage on the zener diode VD 1 will drop to zero, but on the capacitor C 1 it will remain almost unchanged for some time, continuing to power the microcircuits. After 30 ms required to charge the capacitor C 2 to the switching level of the element DD 1.1, the state of the entire chain of elements DD 1.1 - DD 1.3 will change to the opposite. With a rising level difference at the input C, the trigger DD 2.1 will be transferred to a state with a high level at output 1.

With the subsequent closing of the switch SA 1, the voltage on the capacitor C 1, which did not have time to noticeably discharge, will increase slightly and the impulse for the initial setting of the triggers will not be generated. As a result, in addition to the EL 1 lamp, the EL 2 lamp will also light up, the power circuit of which will be closed by an open transistor VT 1.

Another momentary opening of the switch will return the trigger DD 2.1 to its previous state, but a high level will be set at output 13 of the trigger DD 2.2. Three lamps will be turned on - EL 1, EL 3 and EL 4. And finally, the third click of the switch will turn on all four lamps. Then the cycle repeats.

The duration of opening of the switch contacts required to control the chandelier can be in the range from 30 ms to approximately 15 s, which is very easy to maintain manually. If the device remains turned off for a longer time, sufficient to completely discharge the capacitor C 1 with the current consumed by the microcircuits and flowing through the resistor R 3, then when turned on, the triggers will go into their original state and only one chandelier lamp will light up.

The duration of turning off the chandelier, necessary to return to its original state, can be reduced or increased by changing the value of the resistor R 3 accordingly. The limit of its increase depends on the current consumed by the microcircuits and on the leakage current of the capacitor C 1.

Resistors and capacitors of any type can be used in the device. The values ​​of the circuit elements R 2 C 2, R 3 C 1 and R 4 C 3 can be reduced or increased several times, but so that the product of the resistor resistance and the capacitance of the corresponding capacitor (time constant) remains unchanged.

Field-effect transistors with an insulated gate VT 1, VT 2 and a diode bridge VD 2 must withstand a voltage of at least 400 V and an inrush current that occurs when the incandescent lamps are turned on, several times higher than its nominal value. The KB PC 104 bridge and BUZ 90 A transistors indicated in the diagram allow you to control a chandelier with lamps with a power of not more than 60 watts. Instead of diodes KD 522 B, other low-power silicon diodes are suitable.

Chips K 561 LA 9 and K 561 TM 2 can be replaced by their functional counterparts from other series of microcircuits of the CMOS structure, both domestic and imported. When using microcircuits of the K 176 series, designed for a supply voltage of 9 V, the zener diode KS 212 Zh must be replaced with D 814 B or another with a stabilization voltage close to 9 V. It is quite acceptable to replace microcircuits with others containing a sufficient number of logical elements - inverters and counting flip-flops. But the scheme of the device will, of course, have to be changed accordingly.

The figure below shows a diagram of the trigger unit of the control device for a chandelier with three lamps (there is no EL 4 lamp). Thanks to the element DD 1.4, the state in which the EL 3 lamp is on and the EL 2 lamp is not is excluded. The place of the elements of the K 561 LA 9 microcircuit (DD 1.1 - DD 1.3, see Fig. 1) was taken by three elements of the K 561 LA 7 microcircuit.

The appearance of just such a variant of the control device is shown below. The two DB 156 diode bridges installed here are connected in parallel to increase the permissible surge current. The drawing of the printed circuit board is not given, since a significant part of the connections are made with overhead wires.

Before installation in the chandelier, the manufactured device should be checked for operability. It is recommended to do this with the voltage supplied through the transformer reduced to a safe value. Lamps for 220 V can be temporarily replaced with low-voltage power of a few watts, or resistors of the appropriate resistance and power can be used instead. For the time of adjustment, in parallel with the resistor R1, temporarily connect another one with a resistance of 1 kOhm, just remember to remove it before applying 220 V at the end of the test.

Author: S.Glibin, Moscow; Publication: cxem.net

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