Programmable light installation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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All sorts of "running lights" are used on signs and shop windows, as well as in discos. Many radio amateurs are engaged in the design of such devices. A simple design of a programmable light installation can be implemented using a personal computer to control it. How to do this is described in the article published here.

The described lighting installation allows you to implement various lighting effects using control programs on a common personal computer (PC) "ZX Spectrum". The author used a PC "Quorum" compatible with "ZX Spectrum", which already has a built-in parallel port with address 251. It is used to connect a printer. The port uses 8 pins corresponding to 8 bits of information. If your PC does not have such a port, it is assembled according to the description in [1] or other literature.

Using the OUT A, V operator, one byte (8 bits) is sent to the port, where A is the port address, V is the transmitted value. Each bit controls the activation of one lamp or several connected in parallel. At a certain moment, any of the eight lamps are turned on. This requires that the corresponding port pins have a logic-one level (approximately 3,5 V). Sequentially changing the contents of the port programmatically, they organize the switching on of some and switching off other lamps at a certain speed. Thus, the necessary lighting effects are created.

The device uses accessible elements and can be assembled without much difficulty (see diagram).

Let the output of port 0 be a logical zero (a voltage of approximately 0,5 V or less). This is not enough to open the transistor VT1, so the trinistor VS1 is closed and the HL1 lamp is off. When writing a number to the port, for example, 128 (in the binary system - 10000000), a logical unit will appear at output 0. Transistor VT1 opens and opens the trinistor VS1, which turns on the lamp HL1.

To operate the light installation, you will need a power supply for a voltage of 5 V and a current of at least 0,1 A.

When installing and adjusting, you should be extremely careful, since the device is galvanically connected to the network. Before switching on, make sure that the installation is correct. A mistake made can disable not only the assembled installation, but also the PC itself. This is the main drawback of the light installation.

It is permissible to use KT315 transistors with any letter index in the device. We will replace the VD1 diode with another powerful one, for example, D245. It is possible to use trinistors designed for a direct current of 5 ... 10 A and a voltage of at least 300 V, KU202K-KU202N, etc. The maximum total power of the lamps should not exceed 3 kW [2], while the VD1 diode is installed on a heat sink with an area not less than 100 cm2, and SCRs - for heat sinks with an area of ​​50 cm2. It is better to use minion lamps with a power of 10 or 15 watts. They are placed in a case with a transparent front wall. Lamps are separated by partitions. The resulting cells are covered with foil inside. Lamp holders are fixed on the partitions.

The control program is written in BASIC. In table. 1 shows only a DEMO version, which can be taken as a basis for writing a program with more features. There are nine lighting effects implemented in the DEMO program. But this is not the limit. It all depends on the imagination of the programmer.

(click to enlarge)

We will analyze the sequence of numbers transmitted to the port using an example. Consider the effect of a line expanding in both directions and shrinking back. The sequence of numbers corresponding to this effect, written in binary and decimal calculus, is presented in Table. 2. Numbers can be written into the program using the BIN operator, but it is better to convert them into decimals by expanding in powers of 2, for example: 10011100+1.27+0.26+0.25= 1.24+1.23+1.22+0.21=0.20

The program should provide for a delay before the next transmission of a number using the PAUSE N operator, where N is the delay in fiftieths of a second, i.e. equal to 0,02N.

The light installation in the author's version, as described in the article, should be considered as an interesting idea. When implementing it, you must do the following: the device should be connected to the network through an isolating transformer with a power of at least the total power of the lamps. If a step-down transformer is used, the lamps must be replaced with low-voltage ones. For galvanic isolation of control and power circuits, it is permissible to use optocouplers, for example, the AOU160 series (see Fig. 27 in the article by A. Yushin "New optoelectronic devices" in Radio, 1997, No. 10, p. 64) or AOU103V, while The unit can be powered directly from the mains. The anodes of the emitting diodes of the optocouplers should be connected to the emitters of the transistors, and the cathodes should be connected to a common wire, and the resistance of all the resistors of the installation should be reduced by about a factor of three. When using devices of the AOU160 series, it is permissible to connect lamps with a power of up to 20 W to the optocoupler phototriac.

Literature

1. Personal computer "ZX Spectrum". Do-it-yourself periphery. - M.: Inforkom, 1994, p. 99.
2. Charkin A.D. Color and music. - Do it yourself, 1991, No. 3, p. 104.

Author: S.Mogila, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk region.

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