The water tank is always full. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby
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In a country house or a personal plot, it is always required to have a supply of water for household needs. A simple electronic machine will help you keep the tank in the shower or watering the plants filled to the required level.
Consider the operation of the device according to the concept. If there is no water in the tank or its level does not reach the sensor E2, when the toggle switch Q1 is turned on, the transistor VT1 will be closed, the relay K1 will be de-energized, and through its opening contact pair K1.2, the alternating mains voltage will be supplied to the electric motor of the pump pumping water into the tank. As soon as the water level reaches sensor E2, the base circuit of the transistor will close and it will open. The relay will work and open contact K1.2, thereby breaking the power supply circuit of the water pump motor. At the same time, the contact pair K1.1 connects the E1 sensor to the VT3 base, ensuring the open state of the semiconductor device until the water level (during its consumption) drops below the E3 (or E1) sensor and the water injection cycle is repeated. Diode VD2 eliminates inductive interference that occurs when the relay K1 is activated. When Q1 is turned off, the regulator will be de-energized, the pump will stop pumping water.
Schematic diagram of the regulator
The device uses an electromagnetic relay brand PE-22UZ with a weakened armature spring; winding resistance - 90 Ohm, operation current - 90 mA. Any other relay with sufficiently powerful contactors that operates at a voltage of 12-15 V is also suitable, for example, RES-8 (passport RS4.590.064).
Transistor P213B can be replaced with P217, KT814 with any letter index. The radiator for it is a piece of aluminum corner with a shelf width of 40 mm.
Instead of the KTs402G block, a bridge rectifier can be assembled from diodes with an average rectified current of 0,2-0,5 A, for example, the D226, KD105 series. In addition to the D9B device indicated on the diagram, any diodes D9, D226 are applicable. Oxide capacitor C1 with a capacity of 50-500 microfarads and an operating voltage of more than 15 V - type K50-6.
Trimmer resistor - SPZ-9 or SP2-3b. By adjusting it, they achieve a clear operation of the machine, since water in different areas has different electrical conductivity. A constant resistor of 1 - 2 kOhm with a power of at least 0,5 W is also suitable.
Transformer T1 is low-power, with a secondary winding voltage of 12-15 V. You can use, for example, TVK-110L2 from TVs or wind it yourself on the SLM 16X20 magnetic circuit. The primary winding contains 2400 turns of PEV-2 0,12 wire, the secondary - 136 turns of PEV-2 0,28.
Switch Q1 - toggle switch TP1-2 or any two-pole switch for a switched current of at least 2 A.
The regulator is installed in a dry, weather-protected place (premises), preferably closer to the input of power wiring.
Sensors E1-E3 are made of stainless welding electrodes Ø 4 mm. The length of E2 is 40-50 mm shorter than other sensors. They are fixed with epoxy glue in a plastic bracket, which is fixed to the inner wall of the tank with two M4 screws. The tail part of the sensors, in the places where the wires are attached, must be sealed with epoxy glue or sealant.
Circuit board with component layout
If the water tank is made of metal, the E1 sensor can be dispensed with. In this case, the conductor coming from the resistor R1 is connected to the tank body using a screw with a washer.
Sensor fixing unit: 1 - M4 screw, 2 - E1 and E3 sensors, 3 - tank wall, 4 - bracket, 5 - E2 sensor.
The device is easy to turn into a water level alarm. To do this, instead of relay K1, a 12 V incandescent lamp is turned on. The lamp will glow when the water level reaches sensor E2. The E3 sensor is not needed in this case.
Author: A.Molchanov
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