Electronic voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors

 Comments on the article

In operation, car owners have many voltage regulators made in an electromechanical version (PP380, PP350, etc.), which, in general, are reliable, but have a number of significant operational disadvantages: insufficient voltage maintenance at low speeds, difficult adjustment to required voltage, burning of contacts, creation of intense radio interference, etc. At the same time, electronic controllers do not have the listed disadvantages [1, 2].

A simple circuit of an electronic voltage regulator that can be installed on a car with an alternator and a minus connected to ground is shown in Fig. 1.

(click to enlarge)

The author has been operating the voltage regulator assembled according to this scheme for several years on a VAZ-2106 car. He showed excellent performance.

The so-called Schmitt trigger [3] is used as a comparison device in the controller, which generates a rectangular output signal from an input signal of an arbitrary shape with a repetition rate of several hundred hertz in automotive conditions. Due to this, the output transistor operates in a key mode with a low power dissipation of the order of 0,8 ... 1,6 W. This low power dissipation allows the transistor to be used without a heatsink.

Principle of operation. When the VZ ignition switch is turned on, +12 V battery voltage is supplied to the electronic voltage regulator. At the same time, due to the breakdown voltage insufficient for the zener diode, the trigger assembled on the 159NT1B chip is in its initial state, in which the left transistor is closed and the right one is open. A voltage appears between the emitter and the base of the output transistor of the order of 2 V, and it enters saturation mode. The maximum current flows through the excitation winding (OB), the output voltage of the G221 generator (or similar) increases, and if the specified voltage of 13,9 ... closes (potential between emitter and base is zero). As a result, the excitation current decreases sharply and the output voltage decreases. This process is continuously repeated, maintaining the specified voltage of the car's on-board network.

Inductor L1 is designed to smooth out voltage ripples at the trigger input. Without a choke, as shown in [1], the switching of the regulator transistors would occur with a generator pulsation frequency (several kilohertz), which would cause an increase in the power dissipated by the output transistor VT1 and reduce the reliability of the regulator. The author checked the version of the circuit without a choke and did not notice any changes, but, of course, the presence of a choke reduces the likelihood of a false trigger from various kinds of voltage surges in the car's on-board network and improves the quality of the device.

Resistor R2 determines the speed of the circuit as a whole, in our case its resistance is from 2 to 30 ohms. Capacitors C2 and C3 are introduced into the circuit to eliminate possible generation of the circuit at high frequency.

Diode VD3 suppresses bursts of EMF self-induction of the excitation winding OB, thereby protecting the output transistor from breakdown. The purpose of the remaining details of the circuit does not require special explanation.

Design. The circuit is assembled in the traditional "input-output" plan, on a rectangular PCB mounting pad. The dimensions of the platform repeat the seat of the regular voltage regulator of the car. Knife contacts are fixed on the site for connecting standard car connectors, the numbers of which are 15 and 67.

To remove heat from the transistor VT1, a small L-shaped radiator made of sheet material (aluminum, duralumin, copper) 0,5 ... 2 mm thick is used, the dimensions of which are shown in Fig. 2.

The author used a constructive version of the voltage regulator with the removal of the variable resistor R2 on the dashboard of the car and installed it instead of the cigarette lighter, which made it possible to adjust the required on-board voltage according to the readings of the voltmeter (installed instead of the clock). In another design option, the variable resistor R2 is installed directly on the mounting site. In this case, it is desirable to have a variable resistor with a shaft lock in order to exclude the influence of vibration on the value of the set resistance when the car is moving. Instead of the DA1 microcircuit, two transistors from the KT315 series can be used, and instead of the D818G zener diode, similar ones with a breakdown voltage of 5 ... 8 V can be used.

Instead of UDZ type KD202A, any diode from this series is suitable, you can use diodes from the KD105 series or similar.

Choke L1 has 700-800 turns, wound with PEL wire with a diameter of 0,15-0,20 mm on iron with a cross section of 0,25 cm2, inductance 0,4 ... 0,6 H.

All fixed resistors type MLT. Capacitors C1, C3 type KLS, BM-2. The voltage regulator transistor VT1 KT825A is of a composite type, with a DC gain of more than 1000.

Setting up the device. We connect the device to a 12 V power supply. The output to terminal 67 is loaded with a 12 V, 4 W lamp. Set the variable resistor R2 to the middle position. We supply a supply voltage of 12 V with a consumption current of at least 0,5 A per device. By rotating the slider of the resistor R2, we make sure that the circuit is operational: the lamp goes out and lights up.

If this is not observed, then we check the degree of saturation of the output transistor VT1. To do this, we connect a voltmeter between the collector and the emitter, instead of R7 and R8 we install a variable resistor with a resistance of 1,5 kOhm, the middle output of which is connected to the VT1 base. By rotating the resistor slider, we achieve the absence of a change in the voltmeter readings (the lamp is on, the voltmeter readings are in the range of 0,5 ... 1,5V). Having measured the resistance between the central and extreme terminals of the variable resistor with an ohmmeter, we solder the resistors with the obtained resistance values ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbinto the wiring diagram.

Then we install the device in the car, start the engine, set the speed to 500 ... 1000 rpm, set the required voltage in the car's on-board network, for example, 14 V, with a variable resistor. By changing the engine speed and connecting various energy consumers, we make sure that the voltage in the on-board network practically does not change. This is the supported voltage of the car's on-board network.

Literature

1. Sinelnikov AH., Electronic devices for cars. - M: Energoatomizdat, 1986.
2. Handbook of circuitry for a radio amateur / Ed. V. P. Borovsky. - Kyiv: Technique, 1989.
3. Tietze W., Shenk K., Semiconductor Circuitry. -M.: Mir, 1983.

Author: G.Ya.Savchenko, Dnepropetrovsk

See other articles Section Surge Protectors.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive Sony MDR-HW9.1DS 700 Wireless Headphones 09.04.2014 Sony introduced the MDR-HW700DS wireless headphones, which, according to the manufacturer, are the world's first wireless headphones with support for ten-channel surround sound (9.1). For multi-channel sound reproduction, the headphones use Sony's exclusive Virtualphones Technology (VPT), ​​which complements the basic 5.1 package with two more rear and two front top drivers. With multiple modes to choose from, the Sony MDR-HW700DS user is said to be able to optimize surround sound for movies, games and other sources. The headphones use emitters with a diameter of 50 mm. The declared range of reproducible frequencies is 5-25000 Hz. The sound processor, made in a separate unit, weighs 430 g. It is equipped with three HDMI inputs, an optical digital input and an analog stereo input. The list of decodable formats includes Dolby TrueHD, DTS, Linear PCM 2ch/5.1ch/7.1ch, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby Digital , DTS-HD Master Audio, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS Express, DTS Digital Surround, DTS-ES, DTS 96/24. Wireless connection is made in the 2,4 GHz, 5,2 GHz and 5,8 GHz bands. Headphones weigh 320 g. Their battery charges in 3 hours and provides up to 12 hours of battery life. At the same time, two more models of wireless headphones were also presented, according to the manufacturer, available for a wider range of consumers: MDR-HW300K and MDR-RF811RK. They use emitters with a diameter of 40 mm. The frequency response of the first model is 10-22000 Hz, the second one is 20-20000 Hz. For wireless connection, in the first case, the 2,4 GHz band is used, in the second, the FM band, the communication range reaches 30 and 100 m, respectively. The MDR-HW300K headphones weigh 190g and have a battery life of up to 10 hours. It takes 3 hours to fully charge the battery. The MDR-RF811RK headphones weigh 270g and have a battery life of up to 13 hours, but their battery takes 16 hours to fully charge. In 1 hour, it can be charged to a level sufficient for operation for 45 minutes. If you use the AAA cell, the battery life is up to 28 hours.

Other interesting news:

▪ Perfumes that replace coffee

▪ Transparent sensors based on Gorilla Glass

▪ artificial vision

▪ First-ever face transplant performed

▪ Micromax A115 Canvas 3D smartphone with Naked eye 3D display

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Low frequency amplifiers. Article selection

▪ article Preparing the map for work. Basics of safe life

▪ article What is written in hieroglyphs? Detailed answer

▪ article Barbados cherry. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Sound indicator Antison for a car. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Black and red cards. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024