Preparing the card for work. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Preparing the card for work. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Preparing the card for work includes: map evaluation, map sheet gluing, map folding, and elevation of terrain elements on the map.

Map score - Familiarization with the map and understanding its features. Familiarization with the map is carried out on the following issues: scale, height of the relief section, year of survey (compilation), number and year of publication, direction correction.

The scale is recognized by the signature at the bottom of the map sheet and they understand the size of the side of the grid square in kilometers and the scale value (how many meters or kilometers corresponds to 1 cm on the map). In addition, they understand the accuracy, completeness and detail of the map.

The height of the relief section is recognized by the signature under the scale of the map and they understand the completeness and detail of the relief image, and also determine which slope slope corresponds to a distance between horizontals of 1 mm.

The year of surveying or drawing up a map based on source materials is recognized by the signature in the southeast corner of the sheet, while understanding the modernity of the map and possible changes in the terrain.

The number and year of publication are signed under the nomenclature of the map sheet (on maps of the old edition - in the north-western corner of the sheet).

The direction correction is determined by a text reference or diagram placed in the southwest corner of the sheet. The direction correction is understood if you have to work with a map on the ground or move along azimuths.

Pasting the card (Fig. 6.8). Before gluing, the sheets of the card are laid out in the appropriate order. To speed up the layout of a large number of sheets, it is recommended to draw up a diagram of their location or use a prefabricated table, outlining the sheets to be glued on it. After that, they begin to trim the edges of the adjacent sheets; cut off the eastern edges (except for the sheets of the extreme right column) and the southern ones (with the exception of the bottom row). Trimming is done with a sharp knife (razor blade) or scissors exactly along the inner frame of the sheet. Cutting cards with a knife is usually done without a ruler on a cardboard lining. The blade of the knife (razor) should be held at an acute angle (with an inclination in the direction of the cut line).

First, the sheets are glued in rows or columns in the direction where the strip is shorter, then the rows or columns are glued together. Gluing sheets in columns starts from the bottom, and in rows - on the right.

When gluing the cards, the cut sheet is placed with the reverse side on the adjacent uncut one and, having brought them together along the gluing line, a thin uniform layer of glue is applied with a brush on the gluing strip. Then, turning the top sheet over, combine the frames of the sheets, kilometer lines and the corresponding contours. The place of gluing is wiped with a dry cloth (paper), making a movement across the gluing line towards the cut. A slight misalignment can be corrected by wiping in the opposite direction of the offset. In the same order, rows or columns are glued together.

Preparing the card for work
Rice. 6.8. Card gluing procedure

When gluing long strips (rows or columns), it is recommended to roll the strip with cut sheets into a roll, and apply glue to the lower strip (with cut edges) and, gradually unwinding the roll, combine and iron the strips to be glued.

If the deformation of two adjacent sheets is not the same (one side of the frame is longer than the other), the shorter sheet is smeared with glue, which allows it to be somewhat stretched and equalized with the longer one.

Card folding.When preparing a card for indoor work, it is folded "accordion" in two directions. First, an "accordion" is formed in the direction of the elongated side of the card, and then the resulting strip is again folded into an "accordion". The size of the folded card should match the size of a standard sheet (21x31 cm) or the size of the folder for storing it.

To work on the ground, the map is folded "accordion" along the strip of action (route), taking into account the convenience of storing it in a bag (tablet). In this case, the expanded map is oriented along the route, the unnecessary parts of the map are tucked up, leaving a strip the size of the bag (tablet), and then it is folded like an accordion.

When folding, the card must be carefully smoothed and bent as tightly as possible, avoiding kinks at the places where the sheets are glued together.

Lifting terrain elements on the map (map lifting) is used when it is required to more clearly show (highlight) local objects and relief elements that are important for a given task.

Elements of the area are raised on the map with colored pencils by coloring, increasing the symbol, underlining or increasing the signature of the name.

Rivers, streams and canals are raised by thickening lines and shading in blue. The swamps are covered with blue shading, lines parallel to the bottom edge of the map.

Bridges, crossings, gati, etc. are raised by an increase in the symbol with a black pencil. Local objects used for orientation, depicted by off-scale conventional signs, are circled in black.

The relief is raised by shading with a light brown color of the peaks or by thickening some horizontal lines and their shading (shading) downwards.

Forests, solid shrubs and gardens are raised by outlining the edge with a thickened line and lightly painting the outline in green.

Roads and routes are raised by drawing a thickened brown line along the conventional sign.

Settlements are raised by underlining or increasing the inscriptions of their names. Small settlements, in addition, are distinguished by a bypass along the outer contour.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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