What is written in hieroglyphs? Detailed answer

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What is written in hieroglyphs? Detailed answer

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What is written in hieroglyphs?

The word "hieroglyphs" from ancient Greek literally translates as "sacred carving". In fact, this is not quite the exact name of the ancient writing of the Egyptians. It happened because the ancient Greeks, seeing these letters for the first time, considered them sacred, made by priests.

Egyptian hieroglyphs are, in fact, perhaps the oldest writing system known to us. Some of the discovered inscriptions date back to around 3000 BC. e., and on their basis there was a written language of ancient Egypt until the XNUMXst century AD. Initially, the ancient Egyptians used a simple form of pictorial, or, as it is called, pictographic writing, similar to those used by all the primitive peoples of the world. The hieroglyphs were simply drawings, each representing a real physical object.

The sun was depicted as a disk, the moon as a crescent, water as a wavy line, a person as a figurine, and so on. However, these "cryptograms" could not depict events and processes invisible to the eye, such as, for example, thoughts, light, day, night. Thus, hieroglyphs eventually became symbols of concepts, and not just objects. The disk could mean the concept of "day", and not just "sun"; another symbol meant "turn", "change of direction". These mental signs are called ideograms.

The next stage in the development of hieroglyphs was to depict images to reflect sounds, instead of objects that really exist. For example, in English the word "bee" - "bee" can mean not only an insect, but also the sound "bi" (bee - bi :), "a leaf" - "leaf" can sound like the sound "leaf" (li: f). Together, they denote the word "Belief" - "faith." Such hieroglyphs used as sound signs are called phonograms.

The ancient Egyptians could write any word, whether it could be depicted as a drawing or not. From these phonograms, a whole series of signs arose, each of which represented only one letter. When writing, the Egyptians used consonances. For example, the English word "drink" (to drink) would be written as "drnk" (naturally, the ancient Egyptians wrote in their own language). The Egyptians, in addition, retained the use of obsolete signs in writing - ideograms, phonograms and pictograms. Over time, this made writing so difficult that the common people often could not understand it!

Author: Likum A.

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