Electrical unit for outboard motor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Miscellaneous electrical devices
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Outboard motor ignition systems typically use a magneto, with spark energy dependent on the rotational speed of the permanent magnet flywheel. When using a manual starter, the flywheel speed is low, which reduces starting reliability. The use of an electric unit allows you to get a powerful spark when starting the engine, provides control of temperature and speed.
The diagram of the electrical unit and the electrical circuits of the motor connected to it is shown in the figure.
(click to enlarge)
The electrical unit is connected to the motor using a cable with 10-pin connectors. Before starting the engine, switch SA1 is set to the “START” position (lower in the diagram). The current of the battery GB1 flows through the current-limiting resistor R1, the low-voltage winding of transformer T1 and the breaker contacts. After starting the engine, switch SA1 is set to the upper position in the diagram “RUNNING”, in this case, the low-voltage coil of transformer T1 is disconnected from the battery and connected to the magneto ignition coil.
The advantages of this solution compared to scheme [1] are the exclusion of battery current flow through the magneto coil and possible demagnetization of the magnet if the battery is connected incorrectly.
Device P1 allows you to control the temperature of the engine. To control the temperature, scheme [2] with some modifications was chosen. The use of a unijunction transistor as a sensor made it possible to implement a linear temperature measurement scale of 0...100°C. When the SB1 button is pressed, device P1 controls the battery voltage on a scale of 0...10 V. Device P2 is designed to control the engine speed. The tachometer is made according to the scheme [3] with some changes made. When the SB2 button is pressed, the P2 device controls the amount of charging current.
The electrical unit can use 6-volt batteries with a capacity of 4 to 10 Ah, used in portable imported lanterns with fluorescent lamps. The battery can be charged either from the ignition coil of a running engine (position “1” of switch SA2), or from an external charger (position “2”), connected to the electrical unit via connector XP1. The XS2 socket allows you to use an electrical unit to power external loads.
The electrical unit is made in a housing measuring 160x160x160 mm. All instruments, connectors and controls are located on the removable top cover, the battery is installed on the bottom of the case. The high-voltage transformer is TLM type, and the temperature sensor VT1 is installed on the outboard motor.
Resistor R1, which limits the amount of discharge current, is selected from the ratio:
Rl=(Uak-lrR)/lr,
where Uak is the battery voltage; IN; Ir is the charging current permissible for a given battery; R is the resistance of the low-voltage winding of transformer T1.
When lr*R>Uak, resistor R1 is not installed. The resistance of resistor R5 limits the influence of the battery charging circuit on the operation of the ignition system.
Calibration of the battery voltage measurement circuit is carried out by selecting resistance R6, the charging current measurement circuit is adjusted using resistor R10. The establishment of temperature and speed measurement circuits is described in detail in the literature [2,3].
Literature
- Shaula V. Accumulator to help magneto//Boats and yachts. - 1990. - No. 6. -p.82.
- Nechaev I. A simple tachometer: what can it be?//Radio. -1992.-№8.-S.82
- Sonin E. Radio electronics in boats and yachts. - M.: Radio and communication, -1982.
Author: D.L.Kroshko, Cherkasy
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