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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Multipurpose water activators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby Water activated by electric current has special properties: such moisture has a significant impact on the course of redox processes in living and inanimate nature. Using activated water, enthusiasts are making progress in a wide range of areas, from industrial to domestic. A selection of activators that can be made in a home workshop has been prepared based on the materials of the popular Bulgarian weekly "Direct Yourself". "Ignorance of the chemical formula of the schnitzel does not affect its taste," the pragmatists say. Their approach is similar to the assessment of protracted studies of activated or, as they say, "dead" and "living" water. Without waiting for the verdict of official science, numerous practitioners and lovers of "non-traditional, folk remedies" use the first of the above miracle liquids (with its inherent acidic properties) for disinfection and treatment of wounds, dressing seeds, increasing the shelf life of perishable products. They experiment with it in other areas: from attempts to solve purely everyday problems to obtaining especially durable concrete. "Living" water is often used not only as an active stimulant (in particular, for the rapid healing of purulent and incised wounds in humans, tightening cracks in the skin and nipples in farm animals, activating seeds before sowing), but also for the prevention of a number of colds, and also as a supposedly promising cosmetic product... The scheme by which pragmatic enthusiasts obtain water with such healing and economically promising properties, in fact, comes down to the long-known and universally recognized electrolysis, when, when current is passed through ordinary H20, an excess of hydrogen ions is formed at the positive electrode, called the anode, and the environment acquires acidic properties there (an anolyte is obtained), and near the negative (cathode) there is an increased concentration of hydroxyl group ions, which leaches this part of the solution (catholyte). So that even after turning off the current, the liquid does not become equally neutral again, the activator is divided in advance in half by a partition semipermeable to ions. But more often they go for a technological trick, placing one of the electrodes, say, an anode, in a special container made of unglazed porous ceramics, unvarnished wood, coconut, "boiled" (to remove technological glue) cardboard, tarpaulin, leather and similar "ion-semi-transmitting" material . So, catholyte and anolyte, obtained even in the simplest of devices, do not mix and are easily removed for subsequent practical use. The degree of their activity can be judged by the so-called hydrogen indicator pH, which is measured by the "Ionometer" and other devices rare in everyday life. A good catholyte should have a pH value of at least 9 units, while an anolyte should not exceed 5,5. Ordinary water has pH=7. Attention! pH should only be controlled when the activator is switched off! The "strength" of catholyte and anolyte can also be judged by the "school-chemical" indicator - litmus paper, which, as you know, turns red in an acidic environment and turns blue in an alkaline environment. However, perhaps the most affordable is to use phenolphthalein, which is sold in all pharmacies under the same name or as a laxative Purgen, Purgil. By dissolving a tablet of such an agent in a tablespoon of H20, an excellent indicator is obtained, from one drop of which the catholyte sample will instantly turn pink (a tablespoon of "live" water). But as soon as such a colored catholyte is dropped into an anolyte sample, discoloration will occur right before our eyes, thus indicating a fairly high activity of "dead" water. The performance of the simplest "tourist" version of the activator is low: up to 1,5 liters of catholyte and the same amount of anolyte in a 3-liter jar in 5-15 minutes, depending on the amount and initial salinity of water, the strength of the transmitted current, size (more precisely, the activating surface ) electrodes. Hence the ways to improve the design.
A completely acceptable option for a home source of "live" and "dead" water can, in particular, be a multi-purpose activator made on the basis of ... a saucepan (kitchen tank) with a high-performance central electrode collected from metal glasses or self-made shells that significantly increase its active surface.The source of power is a household single-phase network with a well-grounded neutral wire.Connection to them is carried out using a Euro plug, which completely excludes accidental contact of the "phase" on the body-second electrode.And in order to protect the user as much as possible, a protective perforated a glass insulating the housing for the rectifier compartment, and a light indicator that promptly signals the inclusion of the activator in the network. The dimensions of the electrodes and the distance between them are not critical and practically do not affect the quality of the resulting "live" and "dead" water. But they significantly affect, as noted earlier, the performance of the entire device as a whole, that is, the current density and activation rate. The power diode (5-10 A, 300 V) is mechanically and electrically connected to the type-setting central electrode using an L-shaped aluminum bracket (dimensions are not critical), which also performs the functions of a radiator - heat sink. As an insulating case for the rectifier compartment, a carbolite junction box is the best fit, which, together with a terminal block, a pass-through switch, an electrical cord and a Euro plug, is easy to purchase at any electrical store. Well, as a blank for a protective glass, for example, a round plastic box of acceptable sizes can serve. For the unimpeded passage of water, it is necessary to drill 4-6 holes in it with a diameter of 35-40 mm. In the author's version of this activator, the central electrode is the anode. The “dead” water that forms around it during activation is separated from the “life-giving” catholyte by the bottom and walls of the vessel made of unglazed ceramics. Unfortunately, the latter become clogged with salt deposits over time and the required ionic semi-permeability of such a membrane is violated. Then the vessel has to be changed to a new one, and use the old one for a different purpose. With intensive use of the activator, it makes sense to use a more practical canvas membrane, the semi-permeability of which, unlike clogged ceramics, is easily restored by boiling in boiling water. And in order for a voluminous "vessel-glass" made of such material to "keep its shape" better, it is advisable to use it together with a carbolite "glass holder", in the bottom and walls of which holes with a diameter of 60-70 mm are prudently drilled. The use of aluminum as a material for electrodes in water activation is currently questionable by a number of specialists. Therefore, it is desirable to replace it with stainless steel recommended for the food industry. Dishes and containers made of such material are stamped with the inscription "Stainless". Author: N.Kochetov
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