A simple neon Geiger counter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Dosimeters
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In modern times, due to the increased activity of terrorists, there is a danger of various incidents. Using a few simple components, you can make a Geiger counter. To detect alpha particles, a special Geiger sensor is needed. But to detect beta and gamma radiation, you can use a neon lamp.
The principle of operation is as follows (see figure). The alternating current is rectified by diode D1. The simplest stabilization circuit on the Zener diode D2 provides a constant voltage of 100V. The resistance value R1 depends on the supply voltage Vac and can be calculated from the formula
R1=(Vac-100V)/(5mA).
Variable resistor R2 should set the voltage just below the ignition voltage of the lamp. The lamp should not glow. Then if the radioactive particles ionize the gas in the lamp, it will light up.
In this case, the resistor R3 will have the main voltage drop, and the lamp will have a voltage that is less than the holding voltage. No current will flow through the lamp until the next radioactive particle sets it on fire. During the short duration of current flow, a short click will be heard in the loudspeaker.
Other similar diagrams can be found in the book on experiments with radiation (in German) "Experimente mit Strahlenquellen im Haushalt".
Since the circuit is powered directly from the mains, appropriate precautions must be taken during operation to avoid the possibility of electric shock.
Author: Peter Lay
See other articles Section Dosimeters.
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