It will save both the tractor and the car from corrosion. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby

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The insidiousness of corrosion is well known: it is enough to have a small scratch, say, on a car body, as rust immediately begins to absorb the metal. And how ordinary water pipes and other steel structures buried in the ground suffer from corrosion!

Corrosion is difficult to deal with. Take, for example, protective paintwork and polymer coatings. In order to qualitatively process the most affected places with them, sometimes you have to disassemble the machine itself.

In addition, any coverage, alas, is not eternal. Their service life is shortened not only by aggressive environmental influences. Due to vibration, microcracks appear here and there, the protective coating itself breaks off. In autotractor equipment and other agricultural machines, this destructive process is intensified under the abrasive action of the soil, the impact of stones. Therefore, the desire of car owners and owners of farmsteads to spend money once is understandable - and forever protect their equipment from rust.

Many opt for the so-called cathodic protection. Among the leaders here are the builders and operators of main pipelines. Before laying the finished section, the pipeline string is treated with anti-corrosion compounds and wrapped with a protective tape. At some distance from the route, an anode (electrode) is buried - a metal blank, to which the "plus" of the DC source is then connected, and the "minus" to the pipeline. Due to the potential difference between the electrode and the protected metal, a current passes through the electrolyte formed from moisture, salt and other chemicals contained in the pound. The oxidation reaction, that is, the release of electrons, occurs at the anode, while the self-dissolution of the cathode stops and its safety is guaranteed.

With cathodic polarization, the metal must be given such a negative potential at which oxidation becomes thermodynamically improbable. For iron and its alloys, complete protection against corrosion is achieved at 0,1-0,2 V. Further potential shift has little effect on the degree of protection. The current density should be within 10-30 mA/m2.

Of course, cars, as well as tractors, walk-behind tractors and other agricultural machines, are not a main pipeline. The cathodic protection of these mobile vehicles has its own characteristics, if only because they already have a current source, an on-board wire network, and an anti-corrosion coating reinforced with special compounds. In addition, there is plenty of vibration and dynamic loads, plus an unreasonably aggressive road environment.

The proposed home-made device allows you to maintain the value of the potential of wet areas of the surface of the body or car body at the level necessary to completely stop and stop corrosion processes due to the destruction of protective electrodes (anodes). They can be used as deteriorating materials (stainless steel, aluminum), requiring replacement after 4-5 years, and resistant (for example, carboxyl, magnetite, graphite) in the form of rectangular or round plates with an area of ​​4-9 cm2.

Rectangular and round electrodes, as well as a circuit diagram of a block for anti-corrosion cathodic protection of equipment.

Of course, in its simplest form, cathodic protection can only consist of metal electrodes connected to the "plus" of the battery. But then it is difficult to control the possible short circuit of the electrodes on the car body and the operation of the device as a whole. That is why we need a simple electronic unit that consumes a meager current (about 2 mA) from the battery.

If one of the protective electrodes suddenly starts to close to the car body (agricultural machine body), the HL1 indicator stops glowing. You should immediately disconnect the power supply and begin to search for and eliminate the short circuit.

The HL1 semiconductor indicator will also react to the increased humidity of the car body by reducing the brightness of the glow, indicating enhanced cathodic protection.

When using this protection against corrosion, it should be remembered that one electrode provides cathodic safety of 0,2-0,4 m2 of the metal surface. Such electrodes are installed only in places protected by a paint and varnish coating. And they are fixed with epoxy glue or putty based on it, and the outer side of the electrodes must remain free from any kind of electrical insulation.

The electronic unit is placed anywhere in the car (walk-behind tractor, tractor, etc.) and is connected to the on-board network so that it remains constantly on (except in emergencies when it needs to be de-energized urgently).

Consuming no more current than an electromechanical clock in a car, cathodic protection guarantees long-term efficient operation even with a heavily discharged battery.

Literature

1. Krasnoyarsky V.V., Zobov E.V. Electrochemical protection of structures and equipment against corrosion. - Novosibirsk, 1981.
2. Lyublinsky E.Ya. Electrochemical protection against corrosion. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1987.

Author: P.Belyatsky, Berdsk, Novosibirsk region

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