Automatic water pump control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Many summer cottages and rural estates have reservoirs, the water level in which must be periodically checked and maintained, including a pump that pumps or pumps water. These operations are easy to automate.

The scheme of the proposed automaton is shown in fig. one.

The water level sensor in the tank must be designed in such a way that the contacts of the reed switch SF1 close if the level is below the minimum, and SF2 closes if it reaches the maximum allowable. The key on the transistor VT1 controls the intermediate low-power relay K1. Relay K2 is a more powerful executive relay. The HL1 LED serves as an indicator of the state of the machine. Diodes VD1 and VD2 dampen switching voltage surges on the relay windings. To power the device, any source of constant voltage +24 ... 27 V is suitable, providing a load current of up to 200 mA.

If the contacts of the reed switch SF1 are closed, the transistor VT1 opens, the relay K1 is activated and with its contacts K1.1 closes the circuit that keeps the transistor open even after opening the contacts SF1. Through closed contacts K1.2, power is supplied to relay K2, which, in turn, turns on the electric motor of the pump that pumps water. The HL1 LED is lit, signaling that the command to turn on the pump has been given.

Upon filling the tank to the level of operation of the reed switch SF2, the contacts of the latter shunt the base circuit of the transistor VT1. The transistor closes, relays K1 and K2 de-energize, disconnecting the pump from the mains. LED HL1 goes out. The device remains in this state even after opening the contacts of the reed switch SF2 until | the liquid level in the tank will not drop to such a level that the reed switch SF1 will work again.

Resistors - MLT, reed switches - MZZ DMK P-2 (from burglar alarm), relay K1 - RES-9 (RS4.524.200), K2 - RMU (RS4.523.330) are used in the machine. All elements can be replaced by others with similar parameters. Installation is carried out in a hinged way. The entire device, except for the reed switches, is placed in a housing of suitable dimensions made of insulating material, installed in a place inaccessible to water and connected to the reed switches with a three-wire cable.

One of the possible designs of the level sensor is shown in Fig. 2.

The float 2 is equipped with a rod 3 sliding in the guides 4 and 6 installed on the wall of the tank 1. A permanent magnet 3 is fixed on the rod 5. If the water level is minimal or below it, the magnet 5 lies on the lower guide 4 and, with its field, triggers the reed switch 8 ( SF1 according to Fig. 1). If the level is maximum, the magnet 5, having reached the upper guide 6, triggers the reed switch 7 (SF2). To use the machine to control the pumping of water from the tank when the maximum level is reached, it is enough to swap the reed switches.

Author: B.Tatarko, Tver

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