The principle of operation of the RCD. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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The principle of operation of the RCD. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Current Devices

Residual current device can be defined as a high-speed protective switch that responds to differential current in conductors that supply electricity to the protected electrical installation.

The principle of operation of an RCD of a differential type is based on the use of an electromagnetic vector current adder - a differential current transformer.

The RCD is designed to protect against electric shock to a person or the occurrence of a fire due to creeping discharge currents during leakage to earth.

The devices are used in low-voltage electrical networks for domestic and industrial use (220/380V).

The principle of operation of the residual current device that reacts to the leakage current is explained in the drawing

Rice. 1. Kinematic scheme, the principle of operation of the RCD

As long as there is no leakage, i.e. there is no breakdown or damage to the insulation of the electrical receiver or there is no direct contact of a person with live parts.

The currents in the forward and reverse (phase-zero) load conductors are equal and induce in magnetic core (1) RCD current transformer equal but opposite magnetic fluxes, resulting in current I2 in the secondary winding is zero and does not trigger the sensitive element - magnetoelectric latch (2)

When a leak occurs Iut - for example, when a person touches a phase conductor, the balance of currents and magnetic fluxes is disturbed, an unbalance current appears in the secondary winding I2 which triggers magnetoelectric latch (2), which in turn affects release mechanism with contact system (3)

The electromechanical RCD system is designed to operate at certain leakage current values: 10, 30, 300 mA

To carry out periodic monitoring of the RCD performance, a testing circuit is provided. By pressing the button "Test"A tripping differential current is artificially created. The operation of the RCD means that it is generally in good order.

Publication: electro.narod.ru

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