AC motors. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electric motors. AC motors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors

AC motor - an electrical machine in which the energy of a rotating electromagnetic field is converted into rotational or translational motion.

The operation of AC motors is based on the process of electromagnetic induction, which occurs when a conductive medium moves in a magnetic field.

As a conducting medium, a winding is usually used, consisting of a sufficiently large number of conductors interconnected in an appropriate way. The magnetic field in the electric motor is created either with the help of permanent magnets or exciting windings, which are flowed around by currents. Electric motors are reversible, that is, they can work to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and vice versa, in the generator mode.

Electric motors consist of a protective housing, in which there is a stationary hollow cylindrical stator, recruited from separate plates of electrical (magnetic) steel isolated from each other. On the inner side of the stator, in the grooves, there are turns of the excitation winding made of copper wire. Inside the stator there is a movable rotor rotating on a shaft, also consisting of steel plates, also insulated from each other with a heat-resistant varnish. In the grooves of the rotor are the turns of the copper winding. The stator winding is connected to an alternating current source.

AC motors are divided into synchronous и asynchronous, depending on the ratio of rotational speed to frequency.

AC motors have a rated duty that corresponds to continuous duty, intermittent duty, intermittent duty, or intermittent duty. Also, electric motors have nominal parameters.

In the manufacture and selection of electric motors, their operating conditions and climatic conditions are of great importance, depending on which different types of electric motors are used, which have design features that make them suitable for operation in various conditions.

When choosing an electric motor, it is necessary to take into account the coefficient of their efficiency, and it is also necessary to take into account the loss of electrical energy in the conductors that feed the electric motor.

Asynchronous motors are used in industry, for example, for drives of crane installations for general industrial purposes, as well as various cargo winches and other devices required in production.

It can be said that AC motors are of great importance for most types of industry.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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