Conductor materials. Copper. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Conductor materials. Copper. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical materials

Pure copper in electrical conductivity, it ranks second after silver, which has the highest conductivity of all known conductors. High conductivity and resistance to atmospheric corrosion, combined with high ductility, make copper the main material for wires.

In air, copper wires oxidize slowly, being covered with a thin layer of CuO oxide, which prevents further oxidation of copper. Corrosion of copper is caused by sulfur dioxide SO₂, hydrogen sulfide H₂S, ammonia NH₃, nitric oxide NO, vapors of nitric acid and some other reagents.

conductor copper obtained from ingots by galvanic cleaning in electrolytic baths. Impurities, even in trace amounts, sharply reduce the electrical conductivity of copper, making it unsuitable for current conductors, therefore, only copper is used as electrical copper. its two brands: M0 and M1.

Almost all products made of conductive copper manufactured by rolling, pressing and drawing. Thus, wires up to 0,005 mm in diameter, tapes up to 0,1 mm thick, and copper foil up to 0,008 mm thick can be produced by drawing.

Conductor copper applies both in the form annealed after cold working (soft copper of the MM grade), and without annealing (hard copper of the MT grade).

At heat treatment temperatures above 900 °C, due to intensive grain growth, the mechanical properties of copper deteriorate sharply.

In order to increase the creep strength and thermal stability, copper is alloyed with silver in the range of 0,07-0,15%, as well as magnesium, cadmium, zirconium, and other elements.

Silver doped copper is used for windings of high-speed and heat-resistant high-power machines, and copper alloyed with various elements is used in collectors and slip rings of heavily loaded machines.

Author: Koryakin-Chernyak S.L.

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