Installation of lighting electrical installations. Basic information. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Electrician

Installation of lighting electrical installations. Basic information. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

Comments on the article

Lighting electrical installation called an electrical device designed to illuminate rooms, territories, buildings and structures.

The lighting electrical installation of a modern residential building or industrial enterprise is a complex complex that consists of switchgear, main and group electrical networks, various electrical installation devices, lighting fixtures and light sources, supporting structures and fasteners.

A feature of lighting electrical installations is the variety of schemes and methods for the execution of electrical wiring, designs of lamps and light sources. In modern electrical installations, sophisticated automation and telecontrol devices are used.

Exist general, local, combined, working and emergency lighting.

In common called the lighting of the entire room or part of it.

Local called the lighting of workplaces, objects or surfaces (for example, a table lamp).

To the workers called lighting, which serves to ensure the activities of production and auxiliary divisions of the enterprise.

Emergency called lighting, which, in the event of a violation of the working lighting, temporarily provides the opportunity to continue working. Emergency lighting is arranged in industrial premises, corridors, passages and driveways, in stairwells.

Emergency lighting luminaires differ from other luminaires in color and design; they are connected to an electrical network that is not connected to the working lighting network.

Combined lighting combines general and local lighting.

In ordinary premises, lamps of general, local, working and emergency lighting are powered by alternating current with a voltage of 127 or 220 V, and in premises with increased danger and in especially dangerous premises - with a voltage of 12, 24 or 36 V.

Also provide lighting portable, security and light-protective.

security lighting is installed along the fence of the protected area in such a way that the outer and inner zones adjacent to the fence are simultaneously illuminated.

Portable lighting carried out by portable lamps connected to the network with a voltage of 127 or 220 V in ordinary rooms and 12 V in high-risk rooms and in open areas of the enterprise.

Light-protective lighting installed on television antennas, high buildings, chimneys and other high structures to ensure the safety of aircraft flights in the dark.

The main requirement for lighting is to ensure normalized illumination values, which are determined by the conditions of visual work, including:

1) the size of the objects of distinction, their contrast with the background and the reflection coefficient of the background;

2) the presence of accessible dangerous objects (exposed conductive parts, unprotected

rotating parts of machines, etc.);

3) the presence in the field of view of luminous surfaces of high brightness (electric or gas welding, metal melt, glowing workpieces emitting light, industrial lights, etc.).

Illumination in certain areas of the premises or workplaces is increased by localized arrangement of general lighting fixtures, local lighting devices, the use of structurally more advanced fixtures or increasing the power of lamps.

Compliance with the normalized illumination parameters at the design stage, and then during the installation of electrical lighting installations, contributes to:

1) improving conditions and increasing labor productivity;

2) reduction of visual fatigue of workers;

3) improving the quality of manufactured products;

4) saving electrical energy spent on lighting.

The installation of lighting electrical installations is carried out according to the project, which provides lighting calculations, the calculation of the lighting network is given, while taking into account the nature of the technological process, operating conditions and the state of the environment. The voltage loss calculation is based on the lowest cost of conductor materials (wires, cables, tires, etc.). The voltage of the most distant lamps must be at least 95% of the nominal voltage for the emergency and outdoor lighting network and 97,5% of the nominal voltage for the working lighting network inside the premises of industrial enterprises and outdoor lighting installations. The voltage in normal mode should be no more than 102,5% of the nominal.

The estimated load of the supply lighting network is determined by multiplying the installed power of the lamps, identified as a result of the lighting calculation, by a demand factor equal to 0,6 for switchgear, substations, storage and auxiliary premises of enterprises; 0,8 - for laboratories and medical institutions; 1 - for industrial premises.

The power supply of electrical lighting installations, to which power consumers (electric motors, electric welding machines, etc.) are simultaneously connected, is carried out from separate lighting transformers or from transformers.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

See other articles Section Lighting.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Aerosol with nanobots 03.08.2018

Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have created the world's first aerosol containing nanobots. The discovery could radically change the development of robotics. These nanobots can do almost everything from detecting dangerous leaks in pipes to diagnosing health problems.

Each sensor in an aerosol spray consists of two parts. The first is a colloid, a tiny insoluble particle or molecule. Colloids are so small that they can float in air or water forever - the force of the particles colliding around them is greater than the force of gravity.

The second part is a complex circuit consisting of a chemical detector built from a two-dimensional material like graphene. When this sensor encounters a certain chemical in the environment, its ability to conduct electricity is enhanced. The circuit also features a photodiode, a device capable of converting light around it into electrical current. It provides the system with the energy needed to collect data and the nanobot's memory.

The researchers grafted the circuit onto colloids, thus giving the latter the ability to travel in unique environments. After combining, the scientists gave the nanobots the form of a spray, that is, they can now be sprayed. This delivery method would not be possible without colloids. "The circuits couldn't exist without a substrate," says study lead author Michael Strano. "We had to embed the circuits into the particles to give the system strength and also make it big enough for the bots to travel with the flow."

What are these nanobots for? Scientists have demonstrated several ways to use them. For example, they designed sensors to detect poisonous ammonia and tested this ability in a section of pipe. They sprayed the sensors from one end and collected them from the other with gauze. By analyzing the information in the diagrams, they were able to tell if the sensors had come into contact with ammonia.

In the real world, the technology could save inspectors the trouble of inspecting the entire pipe from the outside by simply spraying nanobot aerosols down there.

The same technology can help diagnose diseases in the human body by traveling through the digestive tract, collecting information and delivering it to doctors.

Other interesting news:

▪ Flavor with film and music

▪ LEDs of the same power shine brighter

▪ misty shower

▪ Nicotine from e-cigarettes mutates DNA

▪ The most distant object in the solar system discovered

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Electrical safety, fire safety. Article selection

▪ article Formwork with a clamp. Tips for the home master

▪ article How is tobacco grown? Detailed answer

▪ article Fireweed narrow-leaved. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Cement for attaching knives and forks to handles. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article Transformerless voltage doubler for small devices, 100 milliamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews