Fire hazard of household appliances, televisions and radio equipment. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Fire hazard of household appliances, televisions and radio equipment. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrical safety, fire safety

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Most often cause of fires is the heating of objects surrounding electrical appliances to the ignition temperature. So, for wooden surfaces made of pine, the ignition temperature is 255 ° C, for polyethylene - 350 ° C. Electric heaters have a strong surface heating from below and from the sides. An electric iron connected to the mains heats up to a temperature of 15-400 ° C after 500 minutes, and if it is left on a wooden stand or on a fabric intended for ironing, self-ignition will occur.

Televisions, especially color images, radio equipment are a source of increased fire danger. The most dangerous in terms of fire are tube color TVs. There are many combustible parts in the TV. Their proximity to heat sources (lamps) creates the possibility of fire. It should be borne in mind that materials (polystyrene, polyethylene, ethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, varnish, getinax) are not only combustible, but also toxic, since gases harmful to humans are released during combustion. When polystyrene is heated to 160-240 °C, hydrogen cyanide is released. Thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride (at a temperature of 228-232 ° C) releases toxic hydrogen chloride. The organic dust that settles on the parts of the TV during its operation aggravates the fire hazard.

When the TV is operating, electricity is converted into heat, the insulation is heated and, as a rule, its premature aging. Insulating materials are heated to temperatures above 60 °C. As the insulation ages, the likelihood of electrical breakdown increases. It should be borne in mind that the voltage on some elements of the TV is 15-25 kV. TVs do not provide protection that would turn it off if a spark or a slight electric arc occurs at the soldering points of wires and printed circuit boards. Not all domestic TVs are provided with automatic shutdown devices at the end of TV shows. Operation of the TV without a video signal (when transmissions are finished) is abnormal and may greatly increase the risk of fire.

Radio components (capacitors, integrated circuits, resistors), transformers are of great fire hazard.

In order to prevent the occurrence of fires, the following basic rules for the operation of TVs must be observed:

- connect the TV to the network through a voltage stabilizer;

- use standard, factory-made fuses with a fusible insert, designed for the current corresponding to this TV;

- the mains socket into which the TV is connected must be available to quickly disconnect the TV from the network;

- do not install the TV near heating appliances and insert it into a furniture wall, since this worsens the conditions for heat dissipation (the ventilation holes in the TV must be open);

- do not leave the TV in the on position unattended, do not allow children to turn on the TV in the absence of adults;

- after turning off the TV with the switch, unplug the cord from the socket;

- if the TV malfunctions (no image, buzzing, crackling, etc.), you should immediately disconnect it from the network and call the TV master.

For a preventive inspection of the TV, it is recommended to call a specialist from the TV studio at least once a year.

Author: Korshevr N.G.

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