The model is controlled by light. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur

 Comments on the article

An electronic device, the description of which we bring to the attention of readers, can be installed on a toy equipped with a separate drive for each caterpillar: a tank, a planetary rover, a lunar rover. The model moves with headlights on in a darkened room, and photodiodes installed on it "catch" the reflection of headlights from obstacles. Appropriate commands to the travel motors based on the incoming data are given by the logical device. Here's how it works.

When the photodiode V1 is shaded, its resistance is high, and, therefore, a high potential is created on it, which is fed simultaneously to two inputs 1, 2 of the D1 chip. Logic 3 appears at output 0, transistor V3 is open, and relay K1 turns on the motor.

The illuminated photodiode has low resistance, the voltage drop across it is small. Therefore, logical 1 is applied to inputs 2, 0, and logical 3 appears at output 1: transistor V3 closes, de-energizing relay K1, and the engine stops.

It should be remembered that the left photodiode controls the right caterpillar, and the right photodiode controls the left one. In this case, the model will turn away from the illuminated obstacle.

If you turn off the K2 relay and swap the photodiodes (the left one controls the left caterpillar, and the right one controls the right one), then the model will "search for light". And in the dark, it will go straight, and when one is illuminated with a flashlight on the diodes, the model will turn to the light source and head towards it.

Principal diagram of a photographic device

The electric circuit for switching on the engines of the model

Locating Lamp 1 and Photoresistor 2 in Front of Model 3 Case

Camera circuit board with parts diagram

Capacitor C1 serves to ensure that the model continues to move away from the obstacle for 0,5-1 s), even if the signals from the photodiodes disappear. Resistor R7 is wire-wound, it serves to make the maneuver backwards with a turn and the model turns away from its previous course. C1 and R7 are selected when setting up a photo device.

For better noise immunity, the motors of the model should be powered from a separate source. The supply voltage of the photo device must not exceed 5 V.

The K155LAZ chip can be replaced by any other with a combination of four 2I-NOT elements. Transistors - MP40 - MP42 with any letter index. It is possible that transistor V4 will start to heat up, since it turns on two relays at once. To prevent this from happening, select relays K2, K3 with a minimum operating current or loosen the springs of the contact system. K1, K4 - modified RES10 (passport RS4.524.304 or 315), K2, K3 - RES9 (passport RS4.524.203 or 214). It is better to replace photodiodes FD-3 with more sensitive photoresistors of the SF type. Then the device clearly works at a distance of 10-15 cm from the obstacle.

A correctly assembled device practically does not need to be adjusted (sometimes the selection of photodiodes is required) and works immediately after connecting the power source.

Author: B. Suplikevich

See other articles Section Beginner radio amateur.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Wireless speaker Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D 06.05.2024

In the world of modern audio technology, manufacturers strive not only for impeccable sound quality, but also for combining functionality with aesthetics. One of the latest innovative steps in this direction is the new Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D wireless speaker system, presented at the 2024 World of Samsung event. The Samsung HW-LS60D is more than just a speaker system, it's the art of frame-style sound. The combination of a 6-speaker system with Dolby Atmos support and a stylish photo frame design makes this product the perfect addition to any interior. The new Samsung Music Frame features advanced technologies including Adaptive Audio that delivers clear dialogue at any volume level, and automatic room optimization for rich audio reproduction. With support for Spotify, Tidal Hi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2 connections, as well as smart assistant integration, this speaker is ready to satisfy your ... >>

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Random news from the Archive New color sensor type HDJD-S722-QR999 16.03.2005 AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES presents a new HDJD-S722-QR999 color sensor with dimensions of only 5x5x1 mm. The sensor determines the presence of a certain color and outputs its color coordinates in the form of voltages for the R (red), G (green), B (blue) components. The sensor is a 3x3 array of photodiodes with color filters. The supply voltage is 5 V. The body of the device is leadless for surface mounting.

Other interesting news:

▪ Free radicals prolong life

▪ Arrays of crystals transmitting efficient wireless power

▪ Hydrogel for flexible electronics

▪ Planet 9 times larger than Jupiter discovered

▪ Protecting the body from the negative effects of lack of sleep

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Labor protection. Selection of articles

▪ article Squeeze a slave out of yourself drop by drop. Popular expression

▪ article What disaster made possible the appearance of the landscape on the background of the Windows XP desktop? Detailed answer

▪ article Relocation attendant. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article USB programmer for AVR and AT89S microcontrollers compatible with AVR910. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Unusual envelope. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024