magnetostrictive effect. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur
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Magnetostriction (from Latin strictio - compression, stretching) is a phenomenon consisting in the fact that when the state of magnetization of a body changes, its volume and linear dimensions change.
The effect was discovered by Joule in 1842 and is caused by a change in the relationships between atoms in the crystal lattice, and therefore is characteristic of all substances. A change in the shape of a body can manifest itself, for example, in tension, compression, change in volume, which depends both on the acting magnetic field and on the crystal structure of the body. The largest dimensional changes usually occur in highly magnetic materials. Their relative elongation usually varies within.
Distinguish volume magnetostriction (dV/V) and linear magnetostriction (dl/l).
Magnetostrictive transducers are used in technology to convert changes in the magnetic field into mechanical vibrations and vice versa (in particular, in hydroacoustics). At frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 kHz, metal magnetostrictive materials are used; at frequencies up to hundreds of MHz, ferrite garnets based on rare earth elements are used. The reverse effect (conversion of compression into magnetic field strength) was discovered by the Italian physicist E. Villari in 1865 and is called the Villari effect.
Usually linear magnetostriction is used. Table 1 shows data on linear magnetostriction for various metals and alloys (m - magnetic permeability).
Giant magnetostrictive effect. As can be seen from the above data, the relative value of magnetostriction in most ferromagnetic materials is small. However, literally in recent years unusually large magnetostriction coefficients (rare-earth materials and compounds) have been discovered for a number of substances. Table 2 shows these data.
An absolute record of 6% was achieved for the nickel-manganese-gallium alloy.
Figure 1 shows the dependence of the change in dl / l on the magnetic field strength for some metals and alloys, Figure 2 shows the same dependence for an iron and chromium alloy with different chromium content (the maximum effect for an alloy with a chromium content of 21,1%) .
Figure 3 shows the dl/l dependence for nickel as the absolute temperature changes.
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