Automatic inclusion of marker lights in the car. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices
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According to the Rules of the Road, with the onset of twilight, the driver must turn on the side lights of the car. It seems to be simple, but why be distracted while driving, if this work can be entrusted to automation.
The proposed scheme monitors the level of illumination and, when a predetermined threshold is reached, turns on the "dimensions".
Light sensors are photoresistors RF1 and RF2 (two connected in parallel to improve sensitivity), included in the base of the transistor switch VT1. The sensitivity of the node is regulated by a variable resistor R5. As the resistance increases, the sensitivity decreases. When the external illumination is sufficient (it is light outside), the resistance of the photoresistor is small (a few kiloohms), and the transistor VT1 is closed, the DD1 chip is de-energized.
At the onset of darkness, the resistance RF1 increases, and at a certain moment the transistor VT1 opens. Power is supplied to the DD1 microcircuit, the pulse generator is started on the DD1.1 element (DD1.2 - buffer), which controls the transistor switch VT2. The key switches the lamps of "dimensions" (the diagram shows one - HL1). By changing the duty cycle of the generator pulses, the brightness of the lamps is regulated. The duty cycle of the pulses is set by a variable resistor R1 (it is desirable to use the LUT) and is changed so that the power supplied to the load varies from 5 to 95%.
The device uses a K1564TL2 chip, each element of which is an inverter with a Schmitt trigger at the input. The microcircuit contains four elements of the same type. The transfer characteristic of the Schmitt trigger has two different thresholds (on and off), i.e. has hysteresis. The hysteresis voltage Ur for a given microcircuit is proportional to the supply voltage. So, at Un=12 V, Ur=2,4 V. The Schmitt trigger ignores voltage fluctuations within this limit. Therefore, the K1564TL2 microcircuit is convenient for building noise-resistant generators and pulse shapers for various purposes.
The powerful composite transistor KT829A can be replaced with KT829(B...G), KT827(A...V), KT834(A...V), KT894A9. KT897A, KT897B, KT898A, KT898B. Transistor VT1 can be replaced with KT603, KT608, KT601, KT605, KT815 with any letter index. Photoresistors RF1 and RF2 - SFZ-2. Instead, you can use any photoresistors from the SPS-x series. FR764, FR765. All fixed resistors are MLT-0,25. Capacitor C1 - KM-6. Diodes VD1, VD2 can be replaced with KD521B.
Transistor VT2 should be installed on a heat sink with a cooling area of at least 60 cm2. During operation, the transistor usually heats up to a temperature of 40 ... 50 ° C.
The elements are mounted on a breadboard, the outputs are connected by jumpers from the MGTF-0,8 mm wire. The finished device is placed in a suitable box (soap dish), which is mounted under the dashboard and connected to the car's on-board network (12 V) through any compact connector, for example, RP10-5. Adjustment knobs for variable resistors should be available to adjust the sensitivity and change the brightness of the lamps if necessary.
This device can also be used to smoothly adjust the illumination of the car interior or to adjust the brightness of the dashboard backlight.
Author: A.Kashkarov, St. Petersburg
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